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      Neonatal white matter tract microstructure and 2-year language outcomes after preterm birth

      research-article
      a , * , b , a , a , a
      NeuroImage : Clinical
      Elsevier
      White matter, Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, Language, Infant, Premature, Tractography, AD, axial diffusivity, AFQ, Automated Fiber Quantification, Arc-L, left arcuate fasciculus, Arc-R, right arcuate fasciculus, BSID-III, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd Edition, CI, Confidence Interval, CC-Occ, occipital segment of the corpus callosum, dMRI, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, DTI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, FA, fractional anisotropy, FT, full term, GA, gestational age, ILF-L, left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, ILF-R, right inferior longitudinal fasciculus, LPCH, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, MD, mean diffusivity, MedRisk, number of medical complications, MRI, magnetic resonance imaging, NICU, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, PMA, post menstrual age, PT, preterm, RD, radial diffusivity, ROI, region of Interest, TEA, term equivalent age, UF-L, left uncinate fasciculus, UF-R, Right uncinate fasciculus, VIF, Variance Inflation Factor

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          Highlights

          • Preterm infant white matter tracts uniquely predict later toddler language.

          • Neonatal medical history moderates posterior corpus callosum–language relations.

          • Different associations by tract may relate to brain maturation and medical history.

          Abstract

          Aim

          To determine whether variability in diffusion MRI (dMRI) white matter tract metrics, obtained in a cohort of preterm infants prior to neonatal hospital discharge, would be associated with language outcomes at age 2 years, after consideration of age at scan and number of major neonatal complications.

          Method

          30 children, gestational age 28.9 ( 2.4) weeks, underwent dMRI at mean post menstrual age 36.4 ( 1.4) weeks and language assessment with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development–III at mean age 22.2 (1.7) months chronological age. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were calculated for 5 white matter tracts. Hierarchical linear regression assessed associations between tract FA, moderating variables, and language outcomes.

          Results

          FA of the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus accounted for 17% (p = 0.03) of the variance in composite language and FA of the posterior corpus callosum accounted for 19% (p = 0.02) of the variance in composite language, beyond that accounted for by post-menstrual age at scan and neonatal medical complications. The number of neonatal medical complications moderated the relationship between language and posterior corpus callosum FA but did not moderate the association in the other tract.

          Conclusion

          Language at age 2 is associated with white matter metrics in early infancy in preterm children. The different pattern of associations by fiber group may relate to the stage of brain maturation and/or the nature and timing of medical complications related to preterm birth. Future studies should replicate these findings with a larger sample size to assure reliability of the findings.

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          Most cited references68

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          NODDI: practical in vivo neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging of the human brain.

          This paper introduces neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), a practical diffusion MRI technique for estimating the microstructural complexity of dendrites and axons in vivo on clinical MRI scanners. Such indices of neurites relate more directly to and provide more specific markers of brain tissue microstructure than standard indices from diffusion tensor imaging, such as fractional anisotropy (FA). Mapping these indices over the whole brain on clinical scanners presents new opportunities for understanding brain development and disorders. The proposed technique enables such mapping by combining a three-compartment tissue model with a two-shell high-angular-resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) protocol optimized for clinical feasibility. An index of orientation dispersion is defined to characterize angular variation of neurites. We evaluate the method both in simulation and on a live human brain using a clinical 3T scanner. Results demonstrate that NODDI provides sensible neurite density and orientation dispersion estimates, thereby disentangling two key contributing factors to FA and enabling the analysis of each factor individually. We additionally show that while orientation dispersion can be estimated with just a single HARDI shell, neurite density requires at least two shells and can be estimated more accurately with the optimized two-shell protocol than with alternative two-shell protocols. The optimized protocol takes about 30 min to acquire, making it feasible for inclusion in a typical clinical setting. We further show that sampling fewer orientations in each shell can reduce the acquisition time to just 10 min with minimal impact on the accuracy of the estimates. This demonstrates the feasibility of NODDI even for the most time-sensitive clinical applications, such as neonatal and dementia imaging. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            The cortical organization of speech processing.

            Despite decades of research, the functional neuroanatomy of speech processing has been difficult to characterize. A major impediment to progress may have been the failure to consider task effects when mapping speech-related processing systems. We outline a dual-stream model of speech processing that remedies this situation. In this model, a ventral stream processes speech signals for comprehension, and a dorsal stream maps acoustic speech signals to frontal lobe articulatory networks. The model assumes that the ventral stream is largely bilaterally organized--although there are important computational differences between the left- and right-hemisphere systems--and that the dorsal stream is strongly left-hemisphere dominant.
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              Nonparametric permutation tests for functional neuroimaging: A primer with examples

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Neuroimage Clin
                Neuroimage Clin
                NeuroImage : Clinical
                Elsevier
                2213-1582
                29 September 2020
                2020
                29 September 2020
                : 28
                : 102446
                Affiliations
                [a ]Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
                [b ]Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. sdubner@ 123456stanford.edu
                Article
                S2213-1582(20)30283-7 102446
                10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102446
                7554644
                33035964
                538628b7-de6e-45b8-9f61-6b962c0bf82a
                © 2020 The Author(s)

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 25 April 2020
                : 18 September 2020
                : 20 September 2020
                Categories
                Regular Article

                white matter,diffusion magnetic resonance imaging,language,infant,premature,tractography,ad, axial diffusivity,afq, automated fiber quantification,arc-l, left arcuate fasciculus,arc-r, right arcuate fasciculus,bsid-iii, bayley scales of infant development, 3rd edition,ci, confidence interval,cc-occ, occipital segment of the corpus callosum,dmri, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging,dti, diffusion tensor imaging,fa, fractional anisotropy,ft, full term,ga, gestational age,ilf-l, left inferior longitudinal fasciculus,ilf-r, right inferior longitudinal fasciculus,lpch, lucile packard children’s hospital,md, mean diffusivity,medrisk, number of medical complications,mri, magnetic resonance imaging,nicu, neonatal intensive care unit,pma, post menstrual age,pt, preterm,rd, radial diffusivity,roi, region of interest,tea, term equivalent age,uf-l, left uncinate fasciculus,uf-r, right uncinate fasciculus,vif, variance inflation factor

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