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      An “Electronic Fluorescent Pictograph” Browser for Exploring and Analyzing Large-Scale Biological Data Sets

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          Abstract

          Background

          The exploration of microarray data and data from other high-throughput projects for hypothesis generation has become a vital aspect of post-genomic research. For the non-bioinformatics specialist, however, many of the currently available tools provide overwhelming amounts of data that are presented in a non-intuitive way.

          Methodology/Principal Findings

          In order to facilitate the interpretation and analysis of microarray data and data from other large-scale data sets, we have developed a tool, which we have dubbed the electronic Fluorescent Pictograph – or eFP – Browser, available at http://www.bar.utoronto.ca/, for exploring microarray and other data for hypothesis generation. This eFP Browser engine paints data from large-scale data sets onto pictographic representations of the experimental samples used to generate the data sets. We give examples of using the tool to present Arabidopsis gene expression data from the AtGenExpress Consortium ( Arabidopsis eFP Browser), data for subcellular localization of Arabidopsis proteins ( Cell eFP Browser), and mouse tissue atlas microarray data ( Mouse eFP Browser).

          Conclusions/Significance

          The eFP Browser software is easily adaptable to microarray or other large-scale data sets from any organism and thus should prove useful to a wide community for visualizing and interpreting these data sets for hypothesis generation.

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          Most cited references20

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          GENEVESTIGATOR. Arabidopsis microarray database and analysis toolbox.

          High-throughput gene expression analysis has become a frequent and powerful research tool in biology. At present, however, few software applications have been developed for biologists to query large microarray gene expression databases using a Web-browser interface. We present GENEVESTIGATOR, a database and Web-browser data mining interface for Affymetrix GeneChip data. Users can query the database to retrieve the expression patterns of individual genes throughout chosen environmental conditions, growth stages, or organs. Reversely, mining tools allow users to identify genes specifically expressed during selected stresses, growth stages, or in particular organs. Using GENEVESTIGATOR, the gene expression profiles of more than 22,000 Arabidopsis genes can be obtained, including those of 10,600 currently uncharacterized genes. The objective of this software application is to direct gene functional discovery and design of new experiments by providing plant biologists with contextual information on the expression of genes. The database and analysis toolbox is available as a community resource at https://www.genevestigator.ethz.ch.
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            Low temperature regulation of the Arabidopsis CBF family of AP2 transcriptional activators as an early step in cold-induced COR gene expression.

            Cold-induced expression of the Arabidopsis COR (cold-regulated) genes is mediated by a DNA regulatory element termed the CRT (C-repeat)/DRE (dehydration-responsive element). Recently, we identified a transcriptional activator, CBF1, that binds to the CRT/DRE and demonstrated that its overexpression in transgenic Arabidopsis plants at non-acclimating temperatures induces COR gene expression and increases plant freezing tolerance. Here we report that CBF1 belongs to a small family of closely related proteins which includes CBF2 and CBF3. DNA sequencing of an 8.7 kb region of the Arabidopsis genome along with genetic mapping experiments indicated that the three CBF genes are organized in direct repeat on chromosome 4 at 72.8 cM, closely linked to molecular markers PG11 and m600. Like CBF1, both CBF2 and CBF3 activated expression of reporter genes in yeast that contained the CRT/DRE as an upstream activator sequence. The transcript levels for all three CBF genes increased within 15 min of transferring plants to low temperature, followed by accumulation of COR gene transcripts at about 2 h. CBF transcripts also accumulated rapidly in response to mechanical agitation. The promoter regions of the CBF genes do not contain the CRT sequence, CCGAC, and overexpression of CBF1 did not have a detectable effect on CBF3 transcript levels, suggesting that the CBF gene family is not subject to autoregulation. We propose that cold-induced expression of CRT/DRE-containing COR genes involves a low temperature-stimulated signalling cascade in which CBF gene induction is an early event.
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              A gene expression map of the Arabidopsis root.

              A global map of gene expression within an organ can identify genes with coordinated expression in localized domains, thereby relating gene activity to cell fate and tissue specialization. Here, we present localization of expression of more than 22,000 genes in the Arabidopsis root. Gene expression was mapped to 15 different zones of the root that correspond to cell types and tissues at progressive developmental stages. Patterns of gene expression traverse traditional anatomical boundaries and show cassettes of hormonal response. Chromosomal clustering defined some coregulated genes. This expression map correlates groups of genes to specific cell fates and should serve to guide reverse genetics.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                1932-6203
                2007
                8 August 2007
                : 2
                : 8
                : e718
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
                [2 ]Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
                Purdue University, United States of America
                Author notes
                * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: nicholas.provart@ 123456utoronto.ca

                Conceived and designed the experiments: NP. Performed the experiments: NP DW BV RA. Analyzed the data: NP DW BV HN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NP DW BV HN RA GW. Wrote the paper: NP DW BV.

                Article
                07-PONE-RA-01531R1
                10.1371/journal.pone.0000718
                1934936
                17684564
                539f09e5-99c8-4bec-92dd-b602d4c86f02
                Winter et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
                History
                : 15 June 2007
                : 28 June 2007
                Page count
                Pages: 12
                Categories
                Research Article
                Computational Biology
                Developmental Biology/Molecular Development
                Developmental Biology/Plant Growth and Development
                Genetics and Genomics/Functional Genomics
                Genetics and Genomics/Gene Expression
                Genetics and Genomics/Genome Projects
                Molecular Biology/Bioinformatics
                Plant Biology/Plant Cell Biology
                Plant Biology/Plant Genetics and Gene Expression
                Plant Biology/Plant Growth and Development
                Plant Biology/Plant-Biotic Interactions

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

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