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      Anatomía y geometría ventricular izquierda en la Estenosis subaórtica congénita en perros de raza boxer Translated title: Anatomy And Geometry In The Congenital Subaortic Stenosis In Boxer Dogs

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          Abstract

          Los autores estudiaron la anatomía y geometría del ventrículo izquierdo en 45 perros bóxer afectados por estenosis subaórtica congénita por medio de la evaluación de los diámetros sistólico y diastólico del ventrículo izquierdo, de los espesores sistólico y diastólico de la pared libre del ventrículo izquierdo y del septum interventricular y del espesor parietal relativo. Todos los pacientes incluidos en el presente estudio presentaban como indicio de la existencia de la enfermedad un soplo, grado 1/6 o 2/6, sistólico con epicentro en el foco aórtico. Las medidas de los diámetros sistólico y diastólico y de los espesores sistólico y diastólico de la pared libre del ventrículo izquierdo y del septum interventricular fueron normales para el correspondiente rango de peso corporal. El valor promedio del espesor parietal relativo obtenido en el presente estudio fue de 0,439 ± 0,06, valor considerado normal en perros. Ambos aspectos indican que en los pacientes estudiados el padecimiento de la estenosis subaórtica congénita no provocó adaptaciones anatómicas ni geométricas del ventrículo izquierdo.

          Translated abstract

          The authors studied the anatomy and geometry of the left ventricle in 45 boxer dogs suffering congenital subaortic stenosis through of measurement of left ventricular systolic and diastolic diameters, the left ventricular systolic and diastolic thickness of the free wall and interventricular septum and the evaluation of the Relative Wall Thickness. All patients included in this study presented, as indication of the presence of the disease, a systolic murmur, degree 1/6 or 2/6, with maximal intensity in the aortic focus. The measures for the left ventricular diameters, septum and free wall were normal for the corresponding body weight. The mean value of the Relative Wall Thickness obtained in the present study was 0,439 ± 0,06 value considered normal in dogs. This fact indicates that in these patients the presence of the congenital subaortic stenosis did not caused anatomical or geometric adaptation of the left ventricle.

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          Most cited references14

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          Guidelines for the echocardiographic studies of suspected subaortic and pulmonic stenosis.

          Subaortic stenosis (SAS) and pulmonic stenosis (PS) are, with PDA, the most common canine congenital heart defects in almost all epidemiological studies or frequency tabulations of the various European countries and the United States. As dog breeder's associations of highly affected breeds such as Boxers and Newfoundlands are attempting to screen breeding stock clinically as well as echocardiographically and are trying to eliminate these defects through the exclusion of affected individuals from breeding programs, it behooves the group of veterinary cardiologists and echocardiographers engaged in these screening programs to use a standardized approach to the echocardiographic examination procedure. This should warrant obtaining comparable studies with little interobserver variability due to the data acquisition procedure. Such uniformly acquired studies would also be easier to review by a board of experts, should this become necessary in the future. The recommendations stated below are valid for the examinations of dogs as well as cats. The present article represents the combined professional opinions of Drs. Bussadori, Le Bobinnec, Amberger and Lombard.
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            The natural clinical history of canine congenital subaortic stenosis.

            The demographics and natural clinical history of canine congenital subaortic stenosis (SAS) were evaluated by retrospective analysis of 195 confirmed cases (1967 to 1991), 96 of which were untreated and available for follow-up evaluation. Of these, 58 dogs had left ventricular outflow systolic pressure gradients available for assessment of severity. All 195 dogs were used for demographic analysis. Breeds found to be at increased relative risk included the Newfoundland (odds ratio, 88.1; P 80 mm Hg) gradients. Of 96 untreated dogs, 32 (33.3%) had signs of illness varying from fatigue to syncope; 11 dogs (11.3%) developed infective endocarditis or left heart failure. Exercise intolerance or fatigue was reported in 22 dogs, syncope in 11 dogs, and respiratory signs (cough, dyspnea, tachypnea) in 9 dogs. In addition, 21 dogs (21.9%) died suddenly. Sudden death occurred mainly in the first 3 years of life, primarily but not exclusively, in dogs with severe obstructions (gradient, > 80 mm Hg; odds ratio, 16.0; P < .001). Infective endocarditis (6.3%) and left heart failure (7.3%) tended to occur later in life and in dogs with mild to moderate obstructions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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              The genetics and pathology of discrete subaortic stenosis in the Newfoundland dog.

              Breeding experiments confirm that discrete subaortic stenosis (SAS) in Newfoundland dogs is a specific inherited trait. Specificity of the morphogenetic abnormality is not complete, however, since matings between Newfoundlands with SAS occasionally produced pups with valvular and subvalvular pulmonic stenosis as well as SAS. The spectrum of severity of SAS ranged from a subclinical forme fruste to a severe form causing death before maturity. Well-developed subvalvular stenotic rings consisted of a base of loosely arranged fibrous connective tissue and a subendocardial region of cartilagenous tissue. Severely affected dogs, some of which died suddenly, had foci of necrosis and fibrosis in the left ventricular myocardium, associated with thickening of the intramural coronary arteries. The lesions of SAS were not found in dogs before 3 weeks of age, and the mildest form was seen only in dogs between 3 and 12 weeks of age, suggesting that SAS is not a true congenital defect but develops postnatally. It is hypothesized that the fibrocartilagenous ring of SAS is derived from persistent embryonal endocardial tissue which retains its proliferative capacity and has chondrogenic potential for some time after birth. The results of breeding experiments were not consistent with any simple genetic hypothesis, and indicate that SAS is inherited as a polygenic trait or as an autosomal dominant trait with modifiers.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                invet
                InVet
                InVet
                Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, , Argentina )
                1668-3498
                June 2008
                : 10
                : 1
                : 62-73
                Affiliations
                [01] Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad de Buenos Aires orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias orgdiv2Hospital Escuela olmo@ 123456fvet.uba.ar
                Article
                S1668-34982008000100005
                53b4324b-288b-4d87-bcac-5855e0494b99

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 December 2008
                : 20 June 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 14, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Argentina


                Bóxer,Estenosis subaórtica,Relative Wall Thickness,Boxer,Subaortic stenosis,Espesor parietal relativo

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