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      The neural basis of human error processing: reinforcement learning, dopamine, and the error-related negativity.

      1 , 1
      Psychological review
      American Psychological Association (APA)

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          Abstract

          The authors present a unified account of 2 neural systems concerned with the development and expression of adaptive behaviors: a mesencephalic dopamine system for reinforcement learning and a "generic" error-processing system associated with the anterior cingulate cortex. The existence of the error-processing system has been inferred from the error-related negativity (ERN), a component of the event-related brain potential elicited when human participants commit errors in reaction-time tasks. The authors propose that the ERN is generated when a negative reinforcement learning signal is conveyed to the anterior cingulate cortex via the mesencephalic dopamine system and that this signal is used by the anterior cingulate cortex to modify performance on the task at hand. They provide support for this proposal using both computational modeling and psychophysiological experimentation.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Psychol Rev
          Psychological review
          American Psychological Association (APA)
          0033-295X
          0033-295X
          Oct 2002
          : 109
          : 4
          Affiliations
          [1 ] U Illinois.
          Article
          2002-18225-003
          10.1037/0033-295X.109.4.679
          12374324
          53d3222d-c2d1-4ddb-a5e5-4133a4045454
          History

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