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Abstract
We recently showed in a rat model of dichromate-induced acute renal failure (ARF)
that the elimination but not the distribution of pralidoxime was altered resulting
in sustained plasma pralidoxime concentrations. The aim of this study was to compare
the efficiency of pralidoxime in normal and acute renal failure rats against paraoxon-induced
respiratory toxicity. Ventilation at rest was assessed using whole-body plethysmography
after subcutaneous administration of either saline or paraoxon (50% of the LD(50)),
in the control and ARF rats. Thirty minutes after administration of paraoxon, either
saline or 50mg/kg of pralidoxime was administered intramuscularly. ARF had no significant
effects on the ventilation at rest. The effects of paraoxon on respiration were not
significantly different in the control and ARF group. Paraoxon increased the total
time (T(TOT)), expiratory time (T(E)) and tidal volume (V(T)), and decreased the respiratory
frequency (f). In paraoxon-poisoned rats with normal renal function, pralidoxime had
a significant but transient effect regarding the T(TOT) and V(T) (p<0.05). In the
ARF group, the same dose of pralidoxime significantly decreased the T(TOT), T(E),
and V(T) and increased f during 90 min (p<0.01). In conclusion, pralidoxime had partial
and transient effects towards paraoxon-induced respiratory toxicity in control rats;
and a complete and sustained correction in ARF rats.