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      Normalization as a canonical neural computation.

      1 ,
      Nature reviews. Neuroscience
      Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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          Abstract

          There is increasing evidence that the brain relies on a set of canonical neural computations, repeating them across brain regions and modalities to apply similar operations to different problems. A promising candidate for such a computation is normalization, in which the responses of neurons are divided by a common factor that typically includes the summed activity of a pool of neurons. Normalization was developed to explain responses in the primary visual cortex and is now thought to operate throughout the visual system, and in many other sensory modalities and brain regions. Normalization may underlie operations such as the representation of odours, the modulatory effects of visual attention, the encoding of value and the integration of multisensory information. Its presence in such a diversity of neural systems in multiple species, from invertebrates to mammals, suggests that it serves as a canonical neural computation.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Nat Rev Neurosci
          Nature reviews. Neuroscience
          Springer Science and Business Media LLC
          1471-0048
          1471-003X
          Nov 23 2011
          : 13
          : 1
          Affiliations
          [1 ] UCL Institute of Ophtalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK. m.carandini@ucl. ac.uk
          Article
          nrn3136 NIHMS348079
          10.1038/nrn3136
          3273486
          22108672
          53f55b1c-3747-4459-8146-77eec9125ef8
          History

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