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      Gender differences in moral orientation: A meta-analysis.

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      Psychological Bulletin
      American Psychological Association (APA)

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          Abstract

          C. Gilligan's (1982) critique of L. Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning and her assertion that two modes of moral reasoning (justice and care) exist have been the subject of debate within the field of psychology for more than 15 years. This meta-analysis was conducted to review quantitatively the work on gender differences in moral orientation. The meta-analysis revealed small differences in the care orientation favoring females (d = -.28) and small differences in the justice orientation favoring males (d = .19). Together, the moderator variables accounted for 16% of the variance in the effect sizes for care reasoning and 17% of the variance in the effect sizes for justice reasoning. These findings do not offer strong support for the claim that the care orientation is used predominantly by women and that the justice orientation is used predominantly by men.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Psychological Bulletin
          Psychological Bulletin
          American Psychological Association (APA)
          1939-1455
          0033-2909
          2000
          2000
          : 126
          : 5
          : 703-726
          Article
          10.1037/0033-2909.126.5.703
          10989620
          540aef86-348a-4c06-ba30-c0f1fe7d1a11
          © 2000
          History

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