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      Eficacia del Entrenamiento en Mindfulness para Pacientes con Fibromialgia Translated title: Efficacy of Mindfulness Training for Fibromyalgia Patients

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          Abstract

          Los pacientes que padecen fibromialgia suelen experimentar dolor y sintomatología depresiva moderada, lo que desemboca en un deterioro significativo de su calidad de vida. Con objeto de paliar dicha sintomatología, se aplicó un programa de entrenamiento basado en mindfulness (MBSR) de ocho semanas de duración, a un grupo de 14 mujeres diagnosticadas de fibromialgia. Las pacientes manifestaron una mejoría significativa en la fase post-tratamiento en relación a su calidad de vida, presencia e intensidad del dolor y síntomas depresivos. Asimismo, afianzaron estrategias de afrontamiento del dolor más adaptativas basadas en variables de autoafirmación y de búsqueda de información. No obstante, estos resultados no se mantuvieron transcurrido un mes desde que las pacientes finalizaron el MBSR en la mayoría de las variables estudiadas. Las mujeres que sí practicaron mindfulness post-tratamiento mantuvieron en mayor medida las mejorías obtenidas.

          Translated abstract

          Patients affected by fibromyalgia usually suffer pain and depressive symptoms, which cause a significant reduction in their quality of life. In order to relieve this symptomatology, a training program in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) was applied to a group of 14 women with fibromyalgia during an eight-week period. The patients showed a significant improvement in the post-treatment assessment in terms of their quality of life, the presence and intensity of pain and depressive symptoms. Similarly, they developed more adaptive strategies to cope with pain, based on self-affirmation variables and information searching. However, these results were not maintained in the one-month follow-up, with patients thus experiencing a relapse in the majority of the variables studied. Women who continued with post-treatment mindfulness meditation broadly maintained the acquired improvements.

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          Most cited references78

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          Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program.

          Relationships were investigated between home practice of mindfulness meditation exercises and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms, perceived stress, and psychological well-being in a sample of 174 adults in a clinical Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program. This is an 8- session group program for individuals dealing with stress-related problems, illness, anxiety, and chronic pain. Participants completed measures of mindfulness, perceived stress, symptoms, and well-being at pre- and post-MBSR, and monitored their home practice time throughout the intervention. Results showed increases in mindfulness and well-being, and decreases in stress and symptoms, from pre- to post-MBSR. Time spent engaging in home practice of formal meditation exercises (body scan, yoga, sitting meditation) was significantly related to extent of improvement in most facets of mindfulness and several measures of symptoms and well-being. Increases in mindfulness were found to mediate the relationships between formal mindfulness practice and improvements in psychological functioning, suggesting that the practice of mindfulness meditation leads to increases in mindfulness, which in turn leads to symptom reduction and improved well-being.
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            Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: replication and exploration of differential relapse prevention effects.

            Recovered recurrently depressed patients were randomized to treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU plus mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). Replicating previous findings, MBCT reduced relapse from 78% to 36% in 55 patients with 3 or more previous episodes; but in 18 patients with only 2 (recent) episodes corresponding figures were 20% and 50%. MBCT was most effective in preventing relapses not preceded by life events. Relapses were more often associated with significant life events in the 2-episode group. This group also reported less childhood adversity and later first depression onset than the 3-or-more-episode group, suggesting that these groups represented distinct populations. MBCT is an effective and efficient way to prevent relapse/recurrence in recovered depressed patients with 3 or more previous episodes.
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              Neural correlates of attentional expertise in long-term meditation practitioners.

              Meditation refers to a family of mental training practices that are designed to familiarize the practitioner with specific types of mental processes. One of the most basic forms of meditation is concentration meditation, in which sustained attention is focused on an object such as a small visual stimulus or the breath. In age-matched participants, using functional MRI, we found that activation in a network of brain regions typically involved in sustained attention showed an inverted u-shaped curve in which expert meditators (EMs) with an average of 19,000 h of practice had more activation than novices, but EMs with an average of 44,000 h had less activation. In response to distracter sounds used to probe the meditation, EMs vs. novices had less brain activation in regions related to discursive thoughts and emotions and more activation in regions related to response inhibition and attention. Correlation with hours of practice suggests possible plasticity in these mechanisms.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                clinsa
                Clínica y Salud
                Clínica y Salud
                Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1130-5274
                2174-0550
                March 2011
                : 22
                : 1
                : 51-67
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameO3 Wellbeing Solutions España
                Article
                S1130-52742011000100004
                542b5bd3-7aed-48d2-8bd2-3a719e8c6fbe

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 July 2010
                : 06 May 2010
                : 24 November 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 53, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                mindfulness,dolor,depresión,fibromialgia,pain,depression,fibromyalgia

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