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      Overweight and its associated factors among employees of a university from the state of Santa Catarina

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          The increasing incidence of overweight worldwide is influenced by several factors of daily life and also affects the working population.

          Objective

          To assess overweight and its association with sociodemographic factors, food consumption, and eating habits in employees of a university.

          Method

          This is a cross-sectional study conducted with employees of a university in southern Santa Catarina. A questionnaire containing demographic, socioeconomic, and nutritional information was used. The exposure variables studied were: sex, age, marital status, schooling, frequency of weekly food consumption, and eating behaviors. Overweight was assessed using body mass index. Crude and adjusted analyses of the association between overweight and independent variables were performed using Poisson’s regression.

          Results

          The prevalence of overweight among the 214 employees was 54.9%. After the adjusted analysis, women had a 34% lower risk of overweight when compared to men (prevalence ratio: 0.66; 95% confidence interval 0.53-0.82). In addition, overweight was directly associated with age (p <0.001), while schooling remained inversely associated with overweight.

          Conclusions

          The high prevalence of overweight among workers demonstrates the need to develop interventions and /or programs that promote health in the work environment, especially for groups at higher risk, such as older men and those with lower levels of schooling.

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          Most cited references30

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          Overweight and Obesity: Prevalence, Consequences, and Causes of a Growing Public Health Problem.

          This review considers a variety of perspectives on overweight and obesity (OW/obesity), including measurement and classification; prevalence and changes in prevalence in recent years; genetic, biological, medical, individual, and social correlates of OW/obesity; and treatment approaches. Despite increased attention, OW/obesity is escalating in prevalence worldwide, and the causes are exceedingly complex. A range of innovative studies, including basic research on gut microflora, dietary composition, pharmacologic interventions, and surgical procedures, is generating findings with potential for future prevention and treatment of OW/obesity. Social system changes such as school programs and the awareness of the roles of personal, family, health provider, and cultural experiences related to OW/obesity have also gained traction for vital prevention and treatment efforts over the past decade.
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            Obesity pandemic: causes, consequences, and solutions-but do we have the will?

            Obesity has become pandemic owing to an obesogenic environment (inexpensive calorie dense food, technologies and structure of communities that reduce or replace physical activity, and inexpensive nonphysical entertainment) and excessive emphasis on low fat intake resulting in excessive intake of simple carbohydrates and sugar. Effects are greater for women owing to their smaller size and extra weight gain with each pregnancy, with 38% of American adult women being obese. Women are responsible for more than three-fourths of the more than 400 billion dollars of excess direct health care expenditures due to obesity. They are less likely to conceive naturally and with fertility treatments, more likely to miscarry, and have more prematurity and other complications with their pregnancies. We describe the many causes, including key roles that a dysbiotic intestinal microbiome plays in metabolic derangements accompanying obesity, increased calorie absorption, and increased appetite and fat storage. Genetic causes are contributory if these other factors are present but have limited effect in isolation. The numerous health consequences of obesity are discussed. The authors itemize ways that an individual and societies can mitigate the pandemic. However, individual will power, the will of society to enact change, and willingness of the public to accept outside intervention frustrate efforts to stabilize or reverse this crisis. The most promising strategies are education and efforts by individuals to make responsible choices several times every day to protect, most effectively by prevention, their most valuable asset.
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              The role of adipose tissue immune cells in obesity and low-grade inflammation.

              Adipose tissue (AT) lies at the crossroad of nutrition, metabolism, and immunity; AT inflammation was proposed as a central mechanism connecting obesity with its metabolic and vascular complications. Resident immune cells constitute the second largest AT cellular component after adipocytes and as such play important roles in the maintenance of AT homeostasis. Obesity-induced changes in their number and activity result in the activation of local and later systemic inflammatory response, marking the transition from simple adiposity to diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and ischemic heart disease. This review has focused on the various subsets of immune cells in AT and their role in the development of AT inflammation and obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Bras Med Trab
                Rev Bras Med Trab
                rbmt
                Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Trabalho
                Associação Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho (ANAMT)
                1679-4435
                2447-0147
                11 December 2020
                Apr-Jun 2020
                : 18
                : 2
                : 158-168
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - Criciúma (SC), Brazil
                [2 ] Curso de Medicina, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande (MS), Brazil
                Author notes
                Correspondence address: Fernanda de Oliveira Meller Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva Av. Universitária, 1105 CEP: 88806-000 - Criciúma (SC), Brazil E-mail: fernandameller@unesc.net
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1174-4721
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6380-7720
                Article
                10.47626/1679-4435-2020-533
                7732039
                542f7551-c3f0-42dc-980a-7b4018be942d

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 17 December 2019
                : 21 May 2020
                Categories
                Original Article

                overweight,obesity,risk factors,worker’s health,cross-sectional studies

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