4
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Influencia de la temperatura en la ingesta de pacientes hospitalizados Translated title: Influence of temperature on food intake in hospitalized patients

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Antecedentes y objetivos: La prevalencia de desnutrición en los pacientes hospitalizados es muy elevada y se ha demostrado que constituye un factor pronóstico importante. La mayoría de los pacientes ingresados dependen de la comida hospitalaria para cubrir sus requerimientos nutricionales siendo importante el análisis de los factores que influyen en la ingesta y que se puedan modificar, para conseguir mejorarla y así evitar las consecuencias derivadas de una nutrición inadecuada. En anteriores trabajos se ha demostrado que una de las características de la comida peor valoradas por los pacientes es la temperatura. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la influencia de la temperatura en la satisfacción y cantidad ingerida en función de que se sirviese o no en carros isotérmicos que mantienen una temperatura adecuada de la comida. Material y métodos: Se realizaron encuestas de satisfacción a pacientes del hospital con y sin carros isotérmicos con dietas basales. Se recogieron los siguientes datos: edad, sexo, peso, número de visitas, movilidad, autonomía, cantidad de medicación por vía oral, ingestión de alimentos traídos de fuera del hospital, calificación de la temperatura, presentación y humedad, cantidad de comida ingerida y motivos por los que no se ingirió todo el contenido del carro isotérmico. Resultados: De las 363 encuestas, 134 de ellas (37,96%) se realizaron en pacientes con bandeja térmica y 229 (62,04%) en pacientes sin ella. El 60% de los pacientes referían haber comido menos de lo normal en la última semana siendo la causa más frecuente la disminución de apetito. En el almuerzo y cena comieron la mitad o menos del contenido de la bandeja el 69,3% y 67,7% respectivamente, siendo las causas más frecuentes las siguientes: la falta de apetito (42% en almuerzo y 40% en cena), no gustarles la comida (24,3 y 26,2%) y el sabor (15,3 y 16,8%). Otras causas menos frecuentes fueron el olor, la cantidad de comida, presentar náuseas o vómitos, cansancio y falta de autonomía. No hubo diferencias significativas en la cantidad de ingesta en función del sexo, peso, número de visitas, cantidad de medicación y grado de actividad. La temperatura de la comida fue clasificada como buena por el 62% de los pacientes, la presentación por el 95% y la humedad por el 85%. Al comparar a los pacientes con y sin carro isotérmico, no hubo diferencias en las características basales analizadas que pudiesen influir en la cantidad ingerida. Calificaron la temperatura como buena un 90% de los pacientes con carro isotérmico y un 57,2% sistema tradicional, siendo esta diferencia estadísticamente significativa (P = 0,000). Además hubo diferencias en la cantidad de comida ingerida entre los pacientes con y sin carro isotérmico, de modo que se lo comieron todo un 41% frente al 27,7% respectivamente siendo esta diferencia estadísticamente significativa (P = 0,007). No hubo diferencias en la calificación de humedad y presentación. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes (60%) presentan disminución de apetito durante el ingreso. La proporción de ingresados que califican la temperatura como buena es mayor en los pacientes con el sistema de carros isotérmicos. La cantidad ingerida por los pacientes con carros isotérmicos es significativamente mayor que en los pacientes sin ellos.

          Translated abstract

          Background and objectives: Prevalence of hyponutrition in hospitalized patients is very high and it has been shown to be an important prognostic factor. Most of admitted patients depend on hospital food to cover their nutritional demands being important to assess the factors influencing their intake, which may be modified in order to improve it and prevent the consequences of inadequate feeding. In previous works, it has been shown that one of the worst scored characteristics of dishes was the temperature. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of temperature on patient's satisfaction and amount eaten depending on whether the food was served in isothermal trolleys keeping proper food temperature or not. Material and methods: We carried out satisfaction surveys to hospitalized patients having regular diets, served with or without isothermal trolleys. The following data were gathered: age, gender, weight, number of visits, mobility, autonomy, amount of orally taken medication, intake of out-of-hospital foods, qualification of food temperature, presentation and smokiness, amount of food eaten, and reasons for not eating all the content of the tray. Results: Of the 363 surveys, 134 (37.96%) were done to patients with isothermal trays and 229 (62.04%) to patients without them. Sixty percent of the patients referred having eaten less than the normal amount within the last week, the most frequent reason being decreased appetite. During lunch and dinner, 69.3% and 67.7%, respectively, ate half or less of the tray content, the main reasons being as follows: lack of appetite (42% at lunch time and 40% at dinner), do not like the food (24.3 and 26.2%) or taste (15.3 and 16.8%). Other less common reasons were the odor, the amount of food, having nausea or vomiting, fatigue, and lack of autonomy. There were no significant differences in the amount eaten by gender, weight, number of visits, amount of medication, and level of physical activity. The food temperature was classified as adequate by 62% of the patients, the presentation by 95%, and smokiness by 85%. When comparing the patients served with or without isothermal trays, there were no differences with regards to baseline characteristics analyzed that might have had an influence on amount eaten. Ninety percent of the patients with isothermal trolley rated the food temperature as good, as compared with 57.2% of the patients with conventional trolley, the difference being statistically significant (P = 0.000). Besides, there were differences in the amount of food eaten between patients with and without isothermal trolley, so that 41% and 27.7% ate all the tray content, respectively, difference being statistically significant (P = 0.007). There were no differences in smokiness or presentation rating. Conclusions: Most of the patients (60%) had decreased appetite during hospital admission. The percentage of hospitalized patients rating the food temperature as being good is higher among patients served with isothermal trolleys. The amount of food eaten by the patients served with isothermal trolleys is significantly higher that in those without them.

          Related collections

          Most cited references26

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          To screen or not to screen for adult malnutrition?

          There is some controversy about whether all adults receiving healthcare should be routinely screened for nutritional problems. (i) A systematic review examined the proposition that malnutrition is under-recognised and under-treated, and that nutritional interventions in malnourished patients, identified through a screening procedure produce clinical benefits (assessed using randomised controlled trials, RCTs). (ii) A systematic review of nutritional screening interventions in populations of malnourished and well-nourished subjects (RCTs and non-RCTs). (i) The prevalence of malnutrition varies according to the criteria used, but is estimated to affect 10-60% of patients in hospital and nursing homes, 10% or more of older free-living subjects, and less than 5% of younger adults. In the absence of formal screening procedures, more than half the patients at risk of malnutrition in various settings do not appear to be recognised and/or are not referred for treatment. RCTs show that nutritional interventions in malnourished patients produce various clinical benefits. (ii) Interventions with nutritional screening in different care settings also generally suggest clinical benefits, but some are limited by small sample sizes and inadequate methodology. Factors that influence outcomes include validity, reliability and ease of using the screening procedure, the 'care gap' that exists between routine and desirable care and the need for other resources, which may increase or decrease following screening. The frequent failure to recognise and treat malnutrition, especially where it is common, is unacceptable. In such circumstances, the routine use of a simple screening procedure is recommended. Each health care setting should have a transparent policy about nutritional screening, which may vary according to the 'care gap', available resources, and specific populations of patients, in which the prevalence of malnutrition may vary widely.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            Malnutrition in hospitalized patients: prevalence and economic impact

              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Hospital food: a survey of patients' perceptions.

              Most hospitalised patients are dependent on hospital food for their nutritional requirements. We surveyed hospitalised patients to obtain their opinions of hospital food in order to improve menu planning and food delivery. Three hundred and seventeen questionnaires were distributed to patients on an oral diet in two Swiss hospitals. Questions assessed eating habits, appetite, satisfaction with menus, food preferences and presentation, understanding of choices available and preferred choices. Three hundred and nine (97.5%) questionnaires were completed and analysed. Two hundred and sixty-five (86%) respondents were satisfied or very satisfied with hospital food. Two hundred and forty-one (78%) were satisfied with the way in which the food was served. There was a negative correlation (P=0.005) between duration of hospital stay and satisfaction with the food provided: 121 (39%) respondents stated that their appetite was the same as at home, and 50% stated that it had decreased during their time in the hospital. Eighty-seven (28%) patients said they ate all the food served, 148 (48%) ate most of it, and 68 (22%) ate only a small proportion. Patients felt that the temperature, appearance and aroma of the food were particularly important. Based on the findings of this survey we have made recommendations for improvements in hospital food and its presentation.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                February 2008
                : 23
                : 1
                : 54-59
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameHospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya orgdiv1Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición
                [02] Málaga orgnameInstituto de Salud Carlos III orgdiv1Red de Centros de Metabolismo y Nutrición (REDIMET) España
                Article
                S0212-16112008000100009
                54330c99-05d2-4781-aa5b-3b663147a59b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 June 2007
                : 30 November 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 17, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Dieta hospitalaria,Satisfacción,Temperatura,Hospital diet,Satisfaction,Temperature

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                Similar content269

                Cited by3

                Most referenced authors132