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      Propuesta de diagnóstico de Síndrome Post Mutilación Genital Femenina Translated title: Proposal for Nursing Diagnosis: Post Female Genital Mutilation Syndrome

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo Desarrollar un diagnóstico enfermero para la detección y prevención de la MGF. Metodología La creación del presente diagnóstico se basa en un exhaustivo estudio bibliográfico en bases de datos como LILACS, CUIDEN, TESEO y Web of Sciencie; y otras fuentes documentales de organismos internacionales. Resultados principales Síndrome post Mutilación Genital Femenina se define como: el deterioro de una serie de dominios de la salud como consecuencia de una mutilación genital femenina. Este diagnóstico se sitúa en el dominio 11, seguridad/protección y se posiciona en la clase 3: violencia. Se establecen para él las siguientes características definitorias: fase aguda, respuestas físicas crónicas, respuestas relacionadas con la sexualidad, alteraciones obstétricas crónicas y respuestas psicológicas. Conclusión principal La creación del presente diagnóstico de síndrome facilita a los y la profesionales de enfermería el abordaje de las consecuencias sobre la salud de la Mutilación Genital Femenina y sitúa a Enfermería como una pieza clave para su abordaje y erradicación.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective To develop a nursing diagnosis for the detection and prevention of FGM. Methods The creation of this diagnosis is based on exhaustive bibliographic research of databases such as LILACS, CUIDEN, TESEO y Web of Sciencie; as well as other documentary sources from international entities. Results Post Female Genital Mutilation Syndrome is defined as: Deterioration of a range of health domains as a result of female genital mutilation.This diagnosis belongs to domain 11: safety/protection and class 3: violence. The following defining characteristics are established for this diagnosis: Acute phase, chronic responses physical, sexuality, chronic obstetric alterations and psychological responses. Conclusions Via the diagnosis presented herein, early detection might be procured by nursing professionals of those women and young girls having undergone this traditional practice, thereby being able to treat any possible resultant sequelae.

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          Most cited references19

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          Female genital mutilation and obstetric outcome: WHO collaborative prospective study in six African countries.

          Reliable evidence about the effect of female genital mutilation (FGM) on obstetric outcome is scarce. This study examines the effect of different types of FGM on obstetric outcome. 28 393 women attending for singleton delivery between November, 2001, and March, 2003, at 28 obstetric centres in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, and Sudan were examined before delivery to ascertain whether or not they had undergone FGM, and were classified according to the WHO system: FGM I, removal of the prepuce or clitoris, or both; FGM II, removal of clitoris and labia minora; and FGM III, removal of part or all of the external genitalia with stitching or narrowing of the vaginal opening. Prospective information on demographic, health, and reproductive factors was gathered. Participants and their infants were followed up until maternal discharge from hospital. Compared with women without FGM, the adjusted relative risks of certain obstetric complications were, in women with FGM I, II, and III, respectively: caesarean section 1.03 (95% CI 0.88-1.21), 1.29 (1.09-1.52), 1.31 (1.01-1.70); postpartum haemorrhage 1.03 (0.87-1.21), 1.21 (1.01-1.43), 1.69 (1.34-2.12); extended maternal hospital stay 1.15 (0.97-1.35), 1.51 (1.29-1.76), 1.98 (1.54-2.54); infant resuscitation 1.11 (0.95-1.28), 1.28 (1.10-1.49), 1.66 (1.31-2.10), stillbirth or early neonatal death 1.15 (0.94-1.41), 1.32 (1.08-1.62), 1.55 (1.12-2.16), and low birthweight 0.94 (0.82-1.07), 1.03 (0.89-1.18), 0.91 (0.74-1.11). Parity did not significantly affect these relative risks. FGM is estimated to lead to an extra one to two perinatal deaths per 100 deliveries. Women with FGM are significantly more likely than those without FGM to have adverse obstetric outcomes. Risks seem to be greater with more extensive FGM.
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            The Obstetric Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

            Various forms of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) have been performed for millennia and continue to be prevalent in parts of Africa. Although the health consequences following FGM/C have been broadly investigated, divergent study results have called into question whether FGM/C is associated with obstetric consequences. To clarify the present state of empirical research, we conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature and quantitative meta-analyses of the obstetric consequences of FGM/C. We included 44 primary studies, of which 28 were comparative, involving almost 3 million participants. The methodological study quality was generally low, but several studies reported the same outcome and were sufficiently similar to warrant pooling of effect sizes in meta-analyses. The meta-analyses results showed that prolonged labor, obstetric lacerations, instrumental delivery, obstetric hemorrhage, and difficult delivery are markedly associated with FGM/C, indicating that FGM/C is a factor in their occurrence and significantly increases the risk of delivery complications. There was no significant difference in risk with respect to cesarean section and episiotomy. These results can make up the background documentation for health promotion and health care decisions that inform work to reduce the prevalence of FGM/C and improve the quality of services related to the consequences of FGM/C.
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              Coping and chronic psychosocial consequences of female genital mutilation in The Netherlands.

              The study presented in this article explored psychosocial and relational problems of African immigrant women in The Netherlands who underwent female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), the causes they attribute to these problems--in particular, their opinions about the relationship between these problems and their circumcision--and the way they cope with these health complaints.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                eg
                Enfermería Global
                Enferm. glob.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )
                1695-6141
                2017
                : 16
                : 45
                : 51-68
                Affiliations
                [1] Valencia orgnameUniversidad de Alicante orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Departamento de Enfermería Spain ijimenez@ 123456ua.es
                [3] Pennsylvania orgnameChesPenn Health Services USA
                [2] Murcia orgnameUniversidad de Murcia orgdiv1Facultad de Enfermería orgdiv2Departamento de Enfermería Spain
                Article
                S1695-61412017000100051 S1695-6141(17)01604500051
                10.6018/eglobal.16.1.263331
                545357e9-05d2-4f1c-9eef-13a9fce4ab7e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 September 2016
                : 12 July 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 18
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Nursing Diagnosis,Female Circumcision,Female Genital Mutilation,diagnóstico de enfermería,circuncisión femenina,Mutilación Genital Femenina

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