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      Development of an Efficient and Sensitive Chemical Derivatization-Based LC-MS/MS Method for Quantifying Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Human Plasma and Its Application in Studying Cardiovascular Disease.

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          Abstract

          Recently, the gut microbiota has been found to be associated with many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, depression, Parkinson's disease, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Among various gut microbiota-derived metabolites (GMs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), and tryptophan (TRP) metabolites are the most frequently discussed metabolites. LC-MS/MS shows advantages in quantifying the levels of metabolites with good sensitivity and selectivity; however, the poor ionization efficiency and polar characteristics of SCFAs make their analysis challenging, especially when analyzing plasma samples with low SCFA concentrations. Moreover, without characteristic fragment ions for unconjugated BAs and different detection ion modes for TRP metabolites and BAs, GM analysis is complex and time-consuming. To overcome these problems, we developed a derivatization method combined with LC-MS/MS to enhance the sensitivity and LC retention of GMs. Through derivatization with 3-nitrophenylhydrazine (3-NPH), 7 SCFAs, 9 bile acids, and 6 tryptophan metabolites can be simultaneously analyzed via separation within 14 min on a reversed-phase C18 column. For accurate quantification, 13C6-3NPH-labeled standards were used as one-to-one internal standards. This derivatization approach was optimized and then validated. We further applied this method to investigate the targeted GM profile in patients with CVD. The results showed a significant reduction in plasma butyrate levels in CVD patients compared with healthy controls, suggesting its potentially protective role in CVD. In summary, this work provides a sensitive and effective LC-MS/MS method for simultaneously quantifying gut microbiota-related metabolites in human plasma, which could benefit various future gut microbiota-related studies.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          J Proteome Res
          Journal of proteome research
          American Chemical Society (ACS)
          1535-3907
          1535-3893
          July 02 2021
          : 20
          : 7
          Affiliations
          [1 ] School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
          [2 ] Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
          [3 ] Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
          [4 ] Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
          [5 ] The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.
          Article
          10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00147
          34053222
          54537e31-7b93-4a9e-8160-673a472ce4d6
          History

          LC−MS,SCFAs,bile acids,cardiovascular disease,derivatization,gut metabolites

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