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      Hábitos saludables en universitarios de ciencias de la salud y de otras ramas de conocimiento: un estudio comparativo Translated title: Healthy habits of health sciences students and others from different fields: a comparative study

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción Durante la vida universitaria, los estudiantes deberían consolidar sus hábitos saludables, que se verán reflejados posteriormente en su vida adulta. Esto es de especial importancia en el caso de los estudiantes que lleguen a ser profesionales del ámbito de la salud. Sin embargo, gran parte de la literatura concluye que los estudiantes reportan malos hábitos durante el periodo universitario. Objetivos: El presente estudio pretende determinar si estudiantes de ciencias de la salud (ECS) y estudiantes de otras ciencias (EOC) presentan hábitos saludables relacionados con la práctica de actividad física (AF) y adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea (DM). Asimismo, saber si los ECS tienen hábitos más saludables que los EOC. Material y Métodos Se evaluaron los hábitos saludables de 104 estudiantes (52 ECS y 52 EOC) con edades comprendidas entre los 19 y 32 años. La práctica regular de AF fue determinada con el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ) y la adherencia a la DM, juntamente con los hábitos nutricionales, con el cuestionario PrediMed. Resultados Un 51,92% de los ECS reportaron una práctica de AF relacionada principalmente con actividades vigorosas, mientras que el resto, con moderadas y leves. Por el contrario, la mayoría de EOC (67,31%) tiende a practicar AF leve. En relación con la adherencia a la DM, un 54% de los ECS presentaron adherencia a la DM en contraste con sólo un 27% de los EOC. Finalmente, los ECS presentaron un consumo más elevado de frutas y zumos naturales, pescados y mariscos y frutos secos, mientras que los EOC se decantaron por un consumo mayor de carnes rojas y procesadas y bebidas azucaradas. Conclusiones Los ECS presentaron hábitos más saludables que los EOC, una práctica regular de AF más intensa y una mayor adherencia a la DM. Se demuestra una relación directa entre los conocimientos en salud y unos hábitos más saludables en la población universitaria.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction During the university life, students should consolidate their healthy habits, which should eventually be reflected in the adult life. This is of special importance in case of students who will become professionals of health field. However, lots of investigations conclude that students present really bad habits during their period at university. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine if students from health sciences (ECS) and students from other sciences (EOC) present healthy habits related to regular physical activity practice (AF) and adherence to Mediterranean Diet (DM). In addition, if the ECS have healthier habits than the EOC was investigated. Material and Methods Healthy habits were evaluated in a sample of 104 students (52 ECS and 52 EOC) from 19 to 32 years old. The AF was determined with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the adherence to DM and the nutritional habits, employing PrediMed Questionnaire. Results 51.92% of ECS reported an AF practice mainly related to vigorous activities whereas the remaining ones, to moderate and light. On the contrary, most of the EOC use to practice light AF. Regarding the adherence to the DM, 54% of ECS presented adherence to DM in contrast to only 27% of EOC. Finally, the ECS had a greater consumption of fruit and natural juices, fish and seafood and nuts, while the EOC reported greater consumptions of red and processed meat and sugar beverages. Conclusions The ECS reported healthier habits than the EOC, a regular practice of more vigorous AF and higher adherence to DM. A direct relationship between health knowledge and a healthier habit among university population is proved.

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          Most cited references43

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          High-intensity interval training: a review of its impact on glucose control and cardiometabolic health

          Exercise plays a central role in the management and treatment of common metabolic diseases, but modern society presents many barriers to exercise. Over the past decade there has been considerable interest surrounding high-intensity interval training (HIIT), with advocates claiming it can induce health benefits of similar, if not superior magnitude to moderate-intensity continuous exercise, despite reduced time commitment. As the safety of HIIT becomes clearer, focus has shifted away from using HIIT in healthy individuals towards using this form of training in clinical populations. The continued growth of metabolic disease and reduced physical activity presents a global health challenge and effective therapies are urgently required. The aim of this review is to explore whether the acclaim surrounding HIIT is justified by examining the effect of HIIT on glucose control, its ability to affect cardiovascular function and the underlying mechanisms of the changes observed in those with common metabolic diseases. It also explores translation of the research into clinical practice.
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            Nut consumption on all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies.

            Recent pooled analyses supported a beneficial impact of nut consumption on health, but to our knowledge, whether nuts are associated with overall decreased mortality has not been previously reviewed. We aimed to systematically review prospective studies that explored the effects of nut consumption on all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality and quantify the size effect through a meta-analysis. We also reviewed confounding factors associated with nut consumption to assess potential clustering with other covariates. We searched PubMed and EMBASE for studies published up to June 2014. Study characteristics, HRs, and 95% CIs were generated on the basis of quantitative analyses. A dose-response analysis was performed when data were available. Seven studies for all-cause mortality, 6 studies for CVD mortality, and 2 studies for cancer mortality were included in the meta-analysis with a total of 354,933 participants, 44,636 cumulative incident deaths, and 3,746,534 cumulative person-years. Nut consumption was associated with some baseline characteristics such as lower body mass index and smoking status as well as increased intakes of fruit, vegetables, and alcohol. One-serving of nuts per week and per day resulted in 4% (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.98) and 27% (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.88) decreased risk of all-cause mortality, respectively, and decreased risk of CVD mortality [RR: 0.93 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.99) and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.91), respectively]. Effects were primarily driven by decreased coronary artery disease deaths rather than stroke deaths. Nut consumption was also associated with decreased risk of cancer deaths when highest compared with lowest categories of intake were compared (RR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.98), but no dose-effect was shown. Nut consumption is associated with lower risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality, but the presence of confounding factors should be taken into account when considering such findings. © 2015 American Society for Nutrition.
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              Validation of the English Version of the 14-Item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener of the PREDIMED Study, in People at High Cardiovascular Risk in the UK

              The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the English version of the PREvencion con DIetaMEDiterranea (PREDIMED) 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), a brief questionnaire assessing adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), which was used in the PREDIMED trial for assessment and immediate feedback. This instrument (MEDAS) was administered to 96 adults with a high cardiovascular risk (66% women, mean age 68.3 ± 6.0 years), recruited from general practices in Bristol, UK. Participants then completed a 3-day estimated food record, and the MEDAS was administered again one month later. A MedDiet score (range = 0–14) was calculated from the MEDAS’ administrations and food record to assess concurrent validity and test-retest reliability. Predictive validity was assessed by examining the association of the MEDAS-derived score with cardiometabolic risk factors and dietary intakes derived from the food records. The MEDAS-derived MedDiet score was higher by 1.47 points compared to food records (5.47 vs.4.00, p < 0.001), correlated moderately with the record-derived score (r = 0.50, p < 0.001; ICC = 0.53, p < 0.001) and there was borderline fair agreement between the two methods (κ = 0.19, 95% CI 0.07–0.31, p = 0.002; 95% limits of agreement −2.2, 5.1). Exact agreement within score categories and gross misclassificationwere 45.8% and 21.9%, respectively. The distribution of dietary intakes, reported on the food records by the MEDAS-derived total MedDiet score, was in the expected direction, but no association was observed with cardiometabolic risk factors. The two administrations of the MEDAS produced similar mean total MedDiet scores (5.5 vs. 5.4, p = 0.706), which were correlated (r and ICC = 0.69, p < 0.001) and agreed fairly (κ = 0.38, 95% CI 0.24–0.52, p < 0.001; 95% limits of agreement −3.1, 3.2). The English version of the MEDAS has acceptable accuracy and reliability for assessing MedDiet adherence among individuals with a high cardiovascular risk, in the UK, and can be used to rank individuals according to MedDiet adherence in research and practice.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                renhyd
                Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética
                Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet
                Academia Española de Nutrición y Dietética (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                2173-1292
                2174-5145
                December 2019
                : 23
                : 4
                : 271-282
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameUniversitat de València orgdiv1Facultad de Farmacia orgdiv2Departamento de Medicina, Preventiva y Salud Pública, Ciencias de la Alimentación, Toxicología y Medicina Legal España
                [1] Barcelona orgnameUniversitat Oberta de Catalunya orgdiv1Facultad de Estudios de la Salud España
                Article
                S2174-51452019000400008 S2174-5145(19)02300400008
                10.14306/renhyd.23.4.762
                545d024c-08ff-444a-b7ef-dab0561dc778

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 March 2019
                : 05 December 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 52, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Investigaciones

                Conducta Alimentaria,Salud,Ejercicio,Dieta Mediterránea,Estudiantes,Health,Exercise,Diet, Mediterranean,Students,Feeding Behavior

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