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      Gastrosquisis en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales del Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia, 2000-2004 Translated title: Gastroschisis in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Universitario del Valle (Cali, Colombia): 2000-2004

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          Abstract

          Introducción: la gastrosquisis es una malformación congénita de la pared abdominal, cuya prevalencía ha aumentado notablemente en varios países, por lo que conviene estudiarla en diferentes centros pediátricos. Objetivos: definir las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de los recién nacidos con gastrosquisis en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Hospital Universitario del Valle (Cali, Colombia). Métodos: se hizo un estudio de tipo descriptivo-retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron 29 de los 35 recién nacidos con diagnóstico clínico de gastrosquisis, atendidos en la Unidad entre el 1 de enero de 2000 y el 31 de diciembre de 2004. Resultados: el promedio de edad materna fue de 18,8 años, 20 madres (69,0%) eran menores de 24 años y 22 (75,9%), primigestantes. El estudio incluyó a 16 niñas (55,2%) y 13 niños (44,8%). Quince (51,7%) nacieron por cesárea y 14 (48,3%), por vía vaginal. Doce (41,4%) nacieron a término y 17 (58,6%) fueron pretérmino. Diecinueve (65,5%) tuvieron peso bajo al nacer. En 10 casos (34,5%) el diagnóstico fue prenatal. El promedio del diámetro del defecto -registrado en 19 casos- fue 4,28 cm. Hubo malformaciones asociadas en 16 pacientes (55,2%), en 12 de ellos gastrointestinales. Diez (66,6%) de los 15 niños nacidos por cesárea tuvieron otras malformaciones. Sufrieron complicaciones 28 niños (96,6%), principalmente sepsis (23 casos) y murieron 10 (34,5%), ocho de ellos en choque séptico. Conclusiones: en este estudio predominaron la edad materna menor de 20 años y la primigestación. La principal causa de morbilidad fue la sepsis; se encontraron diferencias en la tasa de mortalidad según la procedencia, pues fue mayor en los niños remitidos de municipios diferentes a Cali. La distancia entre el sitio de procedencia y por ende el tiempo requerido para llegar a la UCI pueden estar asociados con la probabilidad de morir, pero el número de casos es pequeño para sacar conclusiones definitivas al respecto. La tasa de mortalidad de niños con gastrosquisis encontrada en este estudio fue similar a la informada en otros hospitales latinoamericanos, pero excedió a la reportada en hospitales de países desarrollados.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction:Gastroschisis is a congenital malformation of the abdominal wall. It is convenient to study it in different pediatric centers because its prevalence rate has markedly increased in several countries. Objectives:To define the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of a group of newborn infants with gastroschisis. Methods: A descriptive-retrospective study was carried out between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2004. It included 29 of the 35 newborn infants with gastroschisis treated at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario del Valle, in Cali, Colombia. Results: Average maternal age was 18.8 years. Twenty of the mothers (69.0%) were younger than 20 years, and 22 (75.9%) were primiparae. The study included 16 girls (55.2%) and 13 boys (44.8%). Fifteen infants (51.7%) were born by caesarean section and 14 (48.3%), by natural birth. Twelve (41.4%) were born at term and 17 (58.6%) were preterm babies. Nineteen (65.5%) had low birth weight. In 10 cases (34.5%) the diagnosis of gastroschisis was prenatally established. Average diameter of the defect (registered in 19 cases) was 4.28 cm. There were associated malformations in 16 patients (55.2%), 12 of which were of the gastrointestinal tract. Ten (66.6%) of the 15 infants born by caesarean section had associated malformations. Complications occurred in 28 infants (96.6%), mostly sepsis (23 cases). Ten infants (34.5%) died, 8 of them in septic shock. Conclusions: Maternal age under 20 years and primiparous women predominated in this study. The main morbidity cause was sepsis. Differences in the mortality rate were found according to the place of origin of the patients: it was higher in those referred from towns different from Cali. Distance and, consequently, the time required for reaching the ICU may have been associated with the probability of death; however, the small number of cases does not allow definitive conclusions in this respect. The death rate found in our study was similar to that reported from other Latin American hospitals for similar patients, but exceeded the one from institutions in developed countries.

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          Most cited references37

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          Prenatal exposure to salicylates and gastroschisis: a case-control study.

          Gastroschisis, which is a defect in the abdominal wall, lateral to the umbilical cord, is considered to be a vascular problem, probably due to a disruption of the omphalomesenteric artery [Hoyme et al. (1981) J. Pediatr. 98:228-231]. Recently, Torfs et al. [(1996) Teratology 54:84-92] observed a significantly increased risk for aspirin and ibuprofen, two strong cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Here we present the results of a case-control study conducted by the Spanish Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECEMC) on the relationship between prenatal exposure to salicylates during the first trimester of pregnancy and gastroschisis. The results show an increased risk (OR = 3.47; P = 0.015) after controlling the possible effect of maternal age and maternal smoking during pregnancy.
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            Omphalocele and gastroschisis in Europe: a survey of 3 million births 1980-1990. EUROCAT Working Group.

            A total of 732 cases of omphalocele and 274 cases of gastroschisis was registered in 21 regional registers in Europe (EUROCAT registers) during the period 1980-1990. The total prevalence rates were 2.52 per 10,000 for omphalocele and 0.94 per 10,000 for gastroschisis. There was significant heterogeneity in total prevalence rates among regions for omphalocele. Consistently higher than average total prevalence rates of omphalocele were found in the five centers of the British Isles. This was in large part linked to the association between omphalocele and neural tube defects. A significant female excess among the cases of omphalocele associated with neural tube defects, in comparison with an insignificant male excess for other cases of omphalocele, was observed. Geographical differences in the total prevalence of gastroschisis are partly explained by differences in maternal age distributions in the populations surveyed. Omphalocele was an isolated malformation in 46% of cases; gastroschisis was isolated in 79% of cases. The average birthweight and gestational age of both isolated and multiply malformed cases of both omphalocele and gastroschisis were low, especially for multiply malformed cases, and to a greater extent for isolated gastroschisis than for isolated omphalocele. Prenatal diagnosis leading to termination of pregnancy was reported in 33.2% of omphalocele and in 26.5% of gastroschisis cases, demonstrating the considerable impact of current prenatal screening programs. On the basis of clinical manifestations, epidemiologic characteristics, and the presence and type of additional malformations, omphalocele and gastroschisis can be considered heterogeneous conditions.
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              Gastroschisis: A sixteen-year review.

              The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of gastroschisis in Saskatchewan over a 16-year period and identify risk factors associated with mortality. Information was obtained by retrospective review of all infant charts at the only 2 provincial neonatal intensive care centers from January 1985 through December 2000. Factors recorded were gestational age, birth weight, gender, Apgar score, time to operation, method of closure, time to attain full feedings, presence of sepsis, and length of hospital stay. Live birth data for the province was obtained, and the incidence per 10,000 live births for 3 time intervals was calculated. Analysis was performed with mortality as the dependent variable. Seventy-one infants were identified. Overall survival rate was 93% (66 of 71). During the 3 time intervals examined, the incidence of gastroschisis per 10,000 live births increased from 1.85 in 1985 to 1990 to 3.66 in 1991 to 1995 to 4.06 in 1996 to 2000. The analysis found that intestinal atresia P =.009, OR = 18.3 (95%CI: 2.457-136) and intestinal necrosis P =.050, OR = 10.33 (95%CI: 1.32-80.68) were significantly associated with mortality. The incidence of gastroschisis is increasing. Intestinal atresia and the development of intestinal necrosis were associated with poor outcome. Patients who had these complications all had short bowel, and full feedings could not be established. They required continuation of total parenteral nutrition and experienced episodes of sepsis. Copyright 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                iat
                Iatreia
                Iatreia
                Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia )
                0121-0793
                September 2009
                : 22
                : 3
                : 213-218
                Affiliations
                [03] Cali orgnameUniversidad del Valle orgdiv1Facultad de Salud Colombia
                [02] Cali orgnameUniversidad del Valle orgdiv1Facultad de Salud Colombia
                [01] Cali orgnameUniversidad del Valle orgdiv1Facultad de Salud Colombia
                Article
                S0121-07932009000300002 S0121-0793(09)02200302
                545f567f-fc2b-49eb-aef6-aa5ec71ff85b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 August 2008
                : 22 May 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Investigación Original

                Neonatal mortality,Mortalidad neonatal,Morbilidad neonatal,Malformaciones congénitas,Gastrosquisis,Cuidado intensivo neonatal,Neonatal morbidity,Neonatal intensive care,Gastroschisis,Congenital malformations

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