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      Rupture bilatérale des tendons rotuliens chez un sujet jeune sans notion de maladies systémiques ou de traitement par les corticostéroïdes: à propos d'un cas et revue de la literature Translated title: Bilateral rupture of patellar tendons in young patients with no notion of systemic disease or corticosteroid therapy: report of a case and review of the literature

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          Abstract

          Les lésions du tendon rotulien sont moins communes que celles du tendon quadricipital. Les lésions bilatérales sont encore plus rares et sont souvent associées à une notion de tendinopathie, d'injection de corticoïdes ou de maladies systémiques tels que le lupus érythémateux, l'ostéomalacie ou l'insuffisance rénale chronique. Nous rapportons le cas d'un patient de 26 ans victime d'une rupture bilatérale du tendon rotulien suite à une réception de saut. Le patient n'avait pas d'antécédents de tendinopathie ni de maladies systémiques. Le diagnostic a été suspecté devant une position anormalement haute des deux rotules avec une impossibilité d'extension active des deux jambes. L’échographie a confirmé le diagnostic. Le patient a été traité par la technique de laçage selon Judet protégée par un cadrage. La rupture bilatérale du tendon rotulien est rare. La plupart des patients rapportent une notion de maladie systémique ou un antécédents de chirurgie du genou. Nous rapportons le cas d'une lésion rare dans la littérature, une rupture bilatérale des tendons rotuliens sans notions de maladies auto-immunes ni de traitement avec des corticostéroïdes. Les lésions bilatérales présentent certaines particularités diagnostiques et thérapeutiques. En effet l'objectivation d'une rotule haute peut être rendu difficile par un aspect controlatéral semblable. Concernant le volet thérapeutique, deux difficultés sont à noter la première réside dans l'absence de référence comparative pour la hauteur patellaire. La deuxième difficulté est l'obligation de différer l'appui à 45 jours. Ce qui est contraignant pour le patient. La technique de laçage décrite par judet couplée à un cadrage provisoire protégeant la suture nous a donné des résultats satisfaisants.

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          Patellar tendon ruptures.

          Isolated rupture of the patellar tendon is a rare injury. Often occurring during a fall in 20- and 30-year olds, patients may have a preexisting medical condition (eg, history of steroid use) or a history of repetitive microtrauma to the knee. A high-riding patella on physical examination and radiographs is pathognomonic. Immediate orthopaedic referral for surgical repair is necessary to reestablish knee extension. Delay in diagnosis can make surgical treatment more difficult. Current methods of postoperative rehabilitation are evolving. Evaluative studies based on rating scales show satisfactory clinical and functional results after surgery. However, time lost from work and recreation may be protracted, and quadriceps atrophy is often evident. Ruptures of the patellar tendon should be diagnosed acutely and immediately referred to an orthopaedic surgeon. The impact of the injury to the patient may be long-standing even after operative treatment. Contemporary surgical and rehabilitative techniques give the best opportunity for restoration of functional activity.
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            Spontaneous tendon ruptures in patients on chronic dialysis.

            Large tendon rupture is a rare catastrophic occurrence in dialysis patients. Pathogenesis of this has been variably thought to be due to malnutrition, insufficient dialysis, amyloidosis, chronic acidosis, or hyperparathyroidism. We investigated contributory causes and timing of this complication in 44 dialysis patients (42 hemodialysis and two peritoneal dialysis patients). Five cases were our own; the other 39 were reported in the literature during the last two decades. Data were compared with a hospital database of 916 patients. The patients who experienced tendon ruptures had been on dialysis longer (mean duration, 7.6 years v 4.0 years; P = 0.001), were younger (mean age, 39.7 years v 48.4 years; P = 0.0001), had much higher parathyroid hormone levels (1,802 pg/mL v 202 pg/mL; P = 0.0001), had a higher phosphate level (6.8 mg/dL v 5.9 mg/dL; P = 0.001), had a slightly higher calcium level (9.2 mg/dL v 8.8 mg/dL; P = 0.038), and had a higher alkaline phosphatase level (649 IU/L v 109 IU/L; P = 0.0001) than control patients. Patients with tendon ruptures had no evidence of malnutrition (albumin 3.7 g/dL v 3.8 g/dL; P = 0.237) and had the same acidosis (bicarbonate 22.2 mEq/L v 22.0 mEq/L; P = 0.180). The time on dialysis to rupture was inversely related to the patient's age (r = 0.47, P = 0.004). Most patients had evidence of years of poorly controlled hyperparathyroidism with high and increasing levels of parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase. Previous steroid use was also much more common in patients with tendon ruptures, as was radiographic evidence of osteitis fibrosa. The disease led to long hospitalization and prolonged morbidity, with mobility limitations in several patients. Spontaneous large tendon rupture in patients is secondary to hyperparathyroidism; is more common in young patients, particularly if exposed to corticosteroids; leads to long-lasting morbidity; and should be preventable by better supervision and treatment of hyperparathyroidism.
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              Repair of patellar tendon disruptions without hardware.

              Acute repair of disruptions of the knee extensor mechanism is indicated to reestablish extensor continuity and allow for early motion. This study reviews the results of acute primary repair of patellar tendon ruptures augmented by a nonabsorbable polyester tape (Mersilene; Ethicon, Inc.) followed by immediate mobilization. Twenty-four patients with disruptions of their patellar tendons were treated using the described technique. The ruptured tendon was initially approximated using an end-to-end suture repair with no. 5 Ticron suture in a whipstitch manner. An O Vicryl suture was used to approximate the free tendon edges. A 5-mm Mersilene tape was then used in a cerclage manner to augment and protect the repair. Postsurgery, passive range of motion (ROM) was begun immediately in the knees with isolated injury or in those patients whose concomitant injuries would allow for early motion. Using clinical and radiographic criteria, follow-up evaluations of 19 patients were performed at an average of 22.4 months. In patients with isolated injuries, active ROM was from 0 degrees extension to 132 degrees flexion (contralateral knee 0-135 degrees). Two patients had prominent knots: in one, the knots were painful and were removed surgically. Six patients developed patellofemoral chondrosis. Five patients had the Mersilene tape tied with the knee in full extension, and all developed patellofemoral pain. The other repairs were done with the knee flexed to 90 degrees before tying; one patient in this group developed patellofemoral symptoms. All patients with isolated injuries have returned to employment. There were no reruptures or infections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                22 September 2014
                2014
                : 19
                : 49
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Service de Traumatologie-Orthopédie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Avicenne, Rabat, Maroc, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
                Author notes
                [& ]Corresponding author: Aniss Chagou, Service de Traumatologie-Orthopédie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Avicenne, Rabat, Maroc, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
                Article
                PAMJ-19-49
                10.11604/pamj.2014.19.49.5268
                4315478
                54716f6e-6c26-42e4-9afe-042594afaccb
                © Aniss Chagou et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 19 August 2014
                : 20 August 2014
                Categories
                Case Report

                Medicine
                rupture bilatérale,tendon rotulien,maladies systémiques,corticostéroïdes,bilateral rupture,patellar tendons,systemic disease,corticosteroid therapy

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