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      Smoking history: relationships with inflammatory markers, metabolic markers, body composition, muscle strength, and cardiopulmonary capacity in current smokers Translated title: Relação da carga tabágica com marcadores inflamatórios, marcadores metabólicos, composição corporal, força muscular e capacidade cardiorrespiratória em tabagistas

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          ABSTRACT

          Objective:

          To determine the relationships that smoking history has with inflammatory markers, metabolic markers, body composition, muscle strength, and cardiopulmonary capacity in current smokers.

          Methods:

          This was a cross-sectional study involving 65 smokers (age range: 18-60 years). On three non-consecutive days, each participant was evaluated in terms of smoking history, pre-existing comorbidities, lung function (by spirometry), peripheral muscle strength (by dynamometry), body composition (by bioelectrical impedance analysis), levels of metabolic/inflammatory markers, and maximum cardiopulmonary capacity (by treadmill exercise test). We evaluated the relationships that smoking history has with inflammatory markers, metabolic markers, body composition, muscle strength, and cardiopulmonary capacity, using logarithmic transformation of the data and calculating Pearson’s correlation coefficient and for partial correlations adjusted for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities. To identify the influence of smoking history on pre-existing comorbidities, we used a logistic regression model adjusted for age, BMI, and duration of smoking.

          Results:

          Smoking history correlated significantly, albeit weakly, with triglyceride level (r = 0.317; p = 0.005), monocyte count (r = 0.308; p = 0.013), and waist circumference (r = 0.299; p = 0.017). However, those correlations did not retain their significance in the adjusted analysis. In the logistic regression model, smoking more than 20 cigarettes/day correlated significantly with the presence of metabolic diseases (OR = 0.31; 95% CI: 1.009-1.701; p = 0.043).

          Conclusions:

          In this sample of smokers, smoking history correlated positively with the triglyceride level, the monocyte count, and waist circumference. The prevalence of metabolic disease was highest in those who smoked more than 20 cigarettes/day.

          RESUMO

          Objetivo:

          Verificar a relação da carga tabágica com marcadores inflamatórios, marcadores metabólicos, composição corporal, força muscular e capacidade cardiorrespiratória em tabagistas.

          Métodos:

          Estudo transversal com 65 tabagistas de ambos os sexos (idade: 18-60 anos). Todos os participantes foram avaliados em três dias não consecutivos quanto ao histórico de tabagismo, comorbidades pré-existentes, função pulmonar (espirometria), força muscular periférica (dinamometria), composição corporal (bioimpedância), dosagem de marcadores metabólicos e inflamatórios e teste cardiopulmonar em esteira para avaliar a capacidade cardiorrespiratória máxima. Avaliou-se a relação da carga tabágica com marcadores inflamatórios, marcadores metabólicos, composição corporal, força muscular e capacidade cardiorrespiratória com transformação logarítmica através da correlação de Pearson e correlações parciais ajustadas para idade, sexo, índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e comorbidades. A regressão logística com modelo ajustado para idade, IMC e tempo de tabagismo foi utilizada para identificar a influência do histórico de tabagismo sobre as comorbidades pré-existentes.

          Resultados:

          Observaram-se correlações positivas fracas somente para dados não ajustados da carga tabágica com nível de triacilglicerol (r = 0,317; p = 0,005), contagem de monócitos (r = 0,308; p = 0,013) e circunferência abdominal (r = 0,299; p = 0,017). No modelo de regressão logística, fumar mais de 20 cigarros/dia correlacionou-se significativamente com a presença de doenças metabólicas (OR = 0,31; IC95%: 1,009-1,701; p = 0,043).

          Conclusões:

          Nesta amostra de tabagistas, a carga tabágica se correlacionou positivamente com nível de triacilglicerol, contagem de monócitos e circunferência abdominal. A prevalência de doenças metabólicas foi maior em tabagistas que fumam mais de 20 cigarros/dia.

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          Most cited references40

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          Standardisation of spirometry.

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            Interpretative strategies for lung function tests.

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              Progress and challenges in translating the biology of atherosclerosis.

              Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the arterial wall, and a leading cause of death and loss of productive life years worldwide. Research into the disease has led to many compelling hypotheses about the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic lesion formation and of complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Yet, despite these advances, we still lack definitive evidence to show that processes such as lipoprotein oxidation, inflammation and immunity have a crucial involvement in human atherosclerosis. Experimental atherosclerosis in animals furnishes an important research tool, but extrapolation to humans requires care. Understanding how to combine experimental and clinical science will provide further insight into atherosclerosis and could lead to new clinical applications.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Bras Pneumol
                J Bras Pneumol
                jbpneu
                Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia
                Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia
                1806-3713
                1806-3756
                Sep-Oct 2020
                Sep-Oct 2020
                : 46
                : 5
                : e20180353
                Affiliations
                [1 ]. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente (SP) Brasil.
                [2 ]. Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Jacarezinho (PR) Brasil.
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Tamara dos Santos Gouveia. Rua Roberto Simonsen, 305, CEP 19060-900, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil. Tel.: 55 18 99666-8014. Email: tamaragouv@ 123456hotmail.com

                AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS: All authors made significant individual contributions to the development of this study. TSG, IBT, CPS, MP, and DR contributed to the study conception and design; TSG and CPS collected the data; TSG, IBT, and BSAS analyzed and interpreted the data; IBT conducted the statistical analysis; TSG, IBT, CPS, MP, and DR secured the research funding; and all authors participated in the writing of the manuscript and critical review of the intellectual content.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6147-0124
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0743-3231
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9336-3577
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9085-9251
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3310-7336
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6684-4922
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-7399
                Article
                00201
                10.36416/1806-3756/e20180353
                7572273
                32556029
                548e835d-ac63-498a-99c4-ba49012fc55e
                © 2020 Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 18 November 2018
                : 09 October 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 4, Equations: 2, References: 37
                Categories
                Original Article

                tobacco,smoking,triglycerides,monocytes,waist circumference,body composition,tabaco,fumar,triglicerídeos,monócitos,circunferência abdominal,composição corporal

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