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      Pacientes, médicos y enfermeros: tres puntos de vista distintos sobre una misma realidad. Actitudes y percepciones ante los derechos de los pacientes Translated title: Patients, physicians and nurses: three different points of view on the same issue. Attitudes to and perceptions of patient rights

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          Abstract

          Objetivos: Analizar las actitudes y las percepciones de pacientes, médicos y enfermeros respecto a los derechos de los pacientes en el ámbito de los hospitales públicos del sector sanitario de Reus (Tarragona). Métodos: Análisis cualitativo, mediante grupos focales de profesionales sanitarios (médicos y enfermeros) y usuarios dados de alta, seguido de 3 encuestas dirigidas a cada uno de estos colectivos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los resultados y de las diferencias entre colectivos. Se utilizó el análisis de componentes principales categóricos para reducir el número de dimensiones y revelar las relaciones existentes entre las diversas variables. Resultados: Ex pacientes y enfermeros identifican los «derechos a la información» y «autonomía del paciente» como los más importantes, mientras que para los médicos las 2 dimensiones más importantes son «derecho a la autonomía» y «derecho a la formulación de la opinión del paciente». Una minoría de pacientes es refractaria a la toma de decisiones. Las mujeres, los más jóvenes y los niveles de educación altos son más favorables al respeto a la autonomía del paciente. Hay posiciones menos favorables a las visiones «autonomistas» por parte de los pacientes, en comparación con las visiones más favorables por parte de los médicos y radicalmente partidarias por parte de los enfermeros. Conclusiones: Los derechos de los pacientes no son suficientemente conocidos y el derecho a la información es valorado como más importante que el derecho al ejercicio de la autonomía. Ex pacientes, médicos y enfermeros tienen actitudes y percepciones diferentes frente a situaciones similares.

          Translated abstract

          Objectives: To analyze patients', physicians' and nurses' attitudes to and perceptions of patient rights in the public hospitals of the Reus health district in Catalonia (Spain). Methods: We performed a qualitative analysis, through focus groups composed of health professionals (physicians and nurses) and discharged patients, followed by three surveys aimed at physicians, nurses, and patients. A descriptive analysis was performed of the results and of the differences among the three collectives. A principal components analysis for categorical data was used to reduce the number of dimensions and to reveal the associations among the different variables. Results: Among discharged patients and nurses, the most important patient rights were «the right to information» and «patient autonomy», whereas among physicians, the most important dimensions were the «right to autonomy» and «the patient's right to form an opinion». A minority of patients was reluctant to participate in decision-making. The groups with the most favorable attitudes to exercising patient autonomy were women, younger patients, and those with the highest educational level. Patients were less in favor of patient autonomy than physicians while nurses had the most radical attitudes in favor of patient autonomy. Conclusions: Patient's rights are not sufficiently well known, and the right to information is valued more highly than the right to exercise autonomy. Discharged patients, physicians and nurses have different attitudes to and perceptions of the same issue.

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          Do patients wish to be involved in decision making in the consultation? A cross sectional survey with video vignettes.

          To determine patients' preferences for a shared or directed style of consultation in the decision making part of the general practice consultation. Structured interview, with video vignettes of acted consultations. 5 practices in Lothian, Scotland. 410 patients (adults and adults accompanying children) attending surgery appointments. Preference for shared or directed form of video vignette for five different presenting conditions. Patients varied in their preference for involvement in decision making in the consultation. Under multiple regression analysis, patients' preference was found to be independently predicted by the problem viewed (patients presented with physical problems preferred a directed approach), patients' age (patients aged 61 or older were more likely to prefer the directed approach), social class (social classes I and II were more likely to prefer the shared approach), and smoking status (smokers more likely to prefer the shared approach). Those patients who were able to answer (or who thought their doctor's style similar to those in the vignettes) were more likely to describe their own doctor's style as similar to their preferred style. No major association in preference was found with sex, frequency of attendance, or perceived chronic ill health. Patients may vary in their desire for involvement in decision making in consultations. Although this variation seems to depend on the presenting problem, age, social class, and smoking status, these associations are not absolute, with large minorities in each group. Doctors need the skills, knowledge of their patients, and the time to determine on which occasions, with which illnesses, and at which level their patients wish to be involved in decision making.
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            Reliability and validity of a new measure of patient satisfaction with out of hours primary medical care in the United Kingdom: development of a patient questionnaire.

            To develop a reliable, valid measure of patient satisfaction with out of hours care suitable for large scale service evaluation. Focus group meetings and semistructured interviews with patients to identify issues of importance to patients and possible questionnaire items; interviews and two pilot studies to test and identify new questionnaire items; modification or removal of items to eliminate ambiguity and reduce non-response and skewed responses; questionnaire survey of out of hours care. Greater Manchester and Leicester. 11 general practice patients participated in the focus groups and 28 in the semistructured interviews; 41 in the preliminary interviews; 41 and 378 in the postal pilots; and 1466 in the survey of out of hours care. A 32 item questionnaire was developed. Component analysis indicated seven scales (satisfaction with communication and management, doctor's attitude, continuity of care, delay until visit, access to out of hours care, initial contact person, telephone advice) related to overall satisfaction and containing issues identified as important to patients. Levels of reliability were satisfactory, Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficient exceeding 0.60 for all scales. A reliable, valid measure of patient satisfaction has been developed, suitable for large scale evaluation of out of hours care.
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              Nonlinear Multivariate Analysis

              A Gifi, AA Gifi (1990)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                gs
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                Gac Sanit
                Ediciones Doyma, S.L. (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                0213-9111
                December 2006
                : 20
                : 6
                : 465-472
                Affiliations
                [01] Reus Tarragona orgnameUniversitat Rovira i Virgili orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública España
                [02] Reus Tarragona orgnameUniversitat Rovira i Virgili orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Departamento de Bioestadística España
                Article
                S0213-91112006000600009
                10.1157/13096522
                54b90cde-596d-4342-99f1-832566722150

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 July 2005
                : 10 April 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Derechos de los pacientes,Grupos focales,Principal components analysis for categorical data,Focus group,Survey,Encuesta,Análisis de componentes principales para datos categóricos,Patient rights

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