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      Climate and Soil Characteristics Determine Where No-Till Management Can Store Carbon in Soils and Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Emissions

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          Abstract

          Adoption of no-till management on croplands has become a controversial approach for storing carbon in soil due to conflicting findings. Yet, no-till is still promoted as a management practice to stabilize the global climate system from additional change due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, including the 4 per mille initiative promoted through the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. We evaluated the body of literature surrounding this practice, and found that SOC storage can be higher under no-till management in some soil types and climatic conditions even with redistribution of SOC, and contribute to reducing net greenhouse gas emissions. However, uncertainties tend to be large, which may make this approach less attractive as a contributor to stabilize the climate system compared to other options. Consequently, no-till may be better viewed as a method for reducing soil erosion, adapting to climate change, and ensuring food security, while any increase in SOC storage is a co-benefit for society in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

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          The Microbial Efficiency-Matrix Stabilization (MEMS) framework integrates plant litter decomposition with soil organic matter stabilization: do labile plant inputs form stable soil organic matter?

          The decomposition and transformation of above- and below-ground plant detritus (litter) is the main process by which soil organic matter (SOM) is formed. Yet, research on litter decay and SOM formation has been largely uncoupled, failing to provide an effective nexus between these two fundamental processes for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling and storage. We present the current understanding of the importance of microbial substrate use efficiency and C and N allocation in controlling the proportion of plant-derived C and N that is incorporated into SOM, and of soil matrix interactions in controlling SOM stabilization. We synthesize this understanding into the Microbial Efficiency-Matrix Stabilization (MEMS) framework. This framework leads to the hypothesis that labile plant constituents are the dominant source of microbial products, relative to input rates, because they are utilized more efficiently by microbes. These microbial products of decomposition would thus become the main precursors of stable SOM by promoting aggregation and through strong chemical bonding to the mineral soil matrix. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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            Soil macroaggregate turnover and microaggregate formation: a mechanism for C sequestration under no-tillage agriculture

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              Climate-smart soils.

              Soils are integral to the function of all terrestrial ecosystems and to food and fibre production. An overlooked aspect of soils is their potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Although proven practices exist, the implementation of soil-based greenhouse gas mitigation activities are at an early stage and accurately quantifying emissions and reductions remains a substantial challenge. Emerging research and information technology developments provide the potential for a broader inclusion of soils in greenhouse gas policies. Here we highlight 'state of the art' soil greenhouse gas research, summarize mitigation practices and potentials, identify gaps in data and understanding and suggest ways to close such gaps through new research, technology and collaboration.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Stephen.Ogle@colostate.edu
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                12 August 2019
                12 August 2019
                2019
                : 9
                : 11665
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8083, GRID grid.47894.36, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, , Colorado State University, Fort Collins, ; Colorado, 80523 USA
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8083, GRID grid.47894.36, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, , Colorado State University, Fort Collins, ; Colorado, 80523 USA
                [3 ]CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064 Australia
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0300, GRID grid.420153.1, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Climate and Environment Division, ; Rome, Italy
                [5 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8083, GRID grid.47894.36, Department of Statistics, , Colorado State University, Fort Collins, ; Colorado, 80523 USA
                [6 ]Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK S9H3X2 Canada
                [7 ]ISNI 0000 0004 4668 6757, GRID grid.22642.30, Natural Resources Institute Finland, ; FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
                [8 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2097 3940, GRID grid.9499.d, School of Agronomy and Forest Engineering, , National University of La Plata, Diag 113-N° 469, ; (1900) La Plata, Argentina
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6428-8555
                Article
                47861
                10.1038/s41598-019-47861-7
                6691111
                31406257
                54e1815a-2eda-4cda-a1d8-c00c0090f746
                © The Author(s) 2019

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 27 March 2019
                : 23 July 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100000139, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US Environmental Protection Agency);
                Award ID: EP-W-13-005
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Contribution funded through position at UN-FAO
                Funded by: Contribution funded through position at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
                Funded by: Contribution funded through position at Natural Resources Institute Finland
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2019

                Uncategorized
                agroecology,carbon cycle
                Uncategorized
                agroecology, carbon cycle

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