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      Controversias sobre la presión cricoidea o maniobra de Sellick Translated title: Controversial issue of cricoid pressure or Sellick maneuver

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          Abstract

          Introducción. La maniobra de Sellick o presión cricoidea es un procedimiento que se realiza de rutina en la profilaxis de la aspiración pulmonar como parte de la inducción/intubación de secuencia rápida. Ha sido objeto de múltiples controversias especialmente sobre su utilidad como práctica estándar de seguridad en el manejo de la vía aérea en urgencias. Se ha considerado la maniobra como una presión, sin embargo se designa la medida en Newton (N), sin tener en cuenta el área del cartílago cricoides, de este modo es preciso referirse a la maniobra no en términos de presión cricoidea sino de fuerza cricoidea Objetivo. Destacar la importancia de revisar las controversias que ha tenido una maniobra que se acerca a los 50 años de vigencia en el manejo de la vía aérea y la prevención de la broncoaspira-ción; incluso resaltar que ha habido errores en su descripción utilizando medidas de fuerza y no de presión. Método. Mediante la revisión de la literatura se realiza este artículo de reflexión sobre las controversias de una maniobra usual en la práctica de urgencias del anestesiólogo, la Maniobra de Sellick. Conclusión. Desde 1961 cuando el doctor Brian Arthur Sellick describió la presión cricoidea como una maniobra útil para prevenir la regurgitación del contenido gástrico hacia la faringe, hasta la actualidad cuando se utiliza como medida importante en la técnica de inducción/intubación de secuencia rápida, se han venido encontrando una serie de controversias en cuanto a la seguridad que puede brindar en el manejo de la vía aérea, dignas de revisar y de discutir, y además, de recomendar una aclaración en cuanto a la designación de los términos presión y fuerza, que se han venido utilizando de manera indistinta para referirse a esta maniobra sin tener en cuenta el área del cartílago cricoides, que de hecho es diferente entre los individuos.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction. The Sellick maneuver or cricoid pressure is a procedure that is routinely performed in the prophylaxis for pulmonary aspiration as part of a rapid sequence intubation. It has been considered very controversial specifically on its usefulness as a standard safety practice in the emergent airway management. It usually has been considered a pressure maneuver, however it usually has seen assessed measuring Newtons (N) without considering the area of the cricoid cartilage. For this reason, it must be understood in terms of cricoid force instead of cricoid pressure. Objetive. To highlight the controversial issues this maneuver has had over the 50 years of its use in airway management and pulmonary aspiration prevention. To explain the common error of describing it in terms of force and not pressure. Methods. Literature review about the controversial aspects of the Sellick maneuver in emergent scenarios in anesthesia. Conclusion. Since the initial description by Dr. Brian Arthur Sellick in 1961 of the maneuver, using cricoid pressure to prevent them regurgitation of gastric contents to the pharynx used as part of the rapid sequence induction/ intubation, there have been multiple criticisms worthwhile to review, regarding the safety it provides in protecting the airway. We recommend that the terms pressure and force be differentiated and be used more appropriately when describing the maneuver, as the area of the cartilage should be considered in these measurements.

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          Most cited references35

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          Cricoid pressure to control regurgitation of stomach contents during induction of anaesthesia.

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            Cricoid pressure displaces the esophagus: an observational study using magnetic resonance imaging.

            Cricoid pressure (CP) is often used during general anesthesia induction to prevent passive regurgitation of gastric contents. The authors used magnetic resonance imaging to determine the anatomic relationship between the esophagus and the cricoid cartilage ("cricoid") with and without CP. Magnetic resonance images of the necks of 22 healthy volunteers were reviewed with and without CP. Esophageal and airway dimensions, distance between the midline of the vertebral body and the midline of the esophagus, and distance between the lateral border of the cricoid or vertebral body and the lateral border of the esophagus were measured. The esophagus was displaced laterally relative to the cricoid in 52.6% of necks without CP and 90.5% with CP. CP shifted the esophagus relative to its initial position to the left in 68.4% of subjects and to the right in 21.1% of subjects. Unopposed esophagus was seen in 47.4% of necks without CP and 71.4% with CP. Lateral laryngeal displacement and airway compression were demonstrated in 66.7% and 81.0% of necks, respectively, as a result of CP. In the absence of CP, the esophagus was lateral to the cricoid in more than 50% of the sample. CP further displaced both the esophagus and the larynx laterally.
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              Cricoid pressure in emergency department rapid sequence tracheal intubations: a risk-benefit analysis.

              Cricoid pressure is considered an integral part of patient safety in rapid sequence tracheal intubation and emergency airway management. Cricoid pressure is applied to prevent the regurgitation of gastric contents into the pharynx and subsequent aspiration into the pulmonary tree. This review analyzes the published evidence supporting cricoid pressure, along with potential problems, including increased difficulty with tracheal intubation and ventilation. According to the evidence available, the universal and continuous application of cricoid pressure during emergency airway management is questioned. An awareness of the benefits and potential problems with technique allows the practitioner to better judge when cricoid pressure should be used and instances in which it should be removed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rca
                Colombian Journal of Anestesiology
                Rev. colomb. anestesiol.
                SCARE-Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación (Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia )
                0120-3347
                2256-2087
                October 2010
                : 38
                : 3
                : 377-383
                Affiliations
                [02] Bogotá orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Asociado de Anestesiología y Reanimación Colombia
                [01] Bogotá orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia
                Article
                S0120-33472010000300009 S0120-3347(10)03800309
                54e4d8ab-cc97-46ce-99fa-bb46870f79a2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 July 2010
                : 16 May 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Artículo de reflexión

                acid aspiration syndrome,cervical vertebrae,pressure,Cricoid cartilage,vértebras cervicales,presión,cartílago cricoides,neumonía por aspiración

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