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      Pautas de género en el desarrollo del habitus médico: los años de formación en la escuela de medicina y la residencia médica Translated title: Gender norms and the development of the medical habitus: in the years of medical schooling and residency

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          Abstract

          Se documenta el maltrato de género que enfrentan los estudiantes de medicina en México. Se analiza el concepto de socialización médica, con énfasis en el problema del maltrato a las y los estudiantes de medicina. En el marco teórico se articulan conceptos de Foucault y Goffman, con los conceptos nodales de Bourdieu bajo un enfoque de género. Se ilustra mediante diversos ejemplos la manera en que el espacio de aprendizaje del currículum formal lo es también de reproducción de las jerarquías de género, a través del currículum oculto. Las mujeres enfrentan diversas formas de desmotivación socialmente inducida para optar y mantenerse en la carrera de medicina, particularmente en algunas de sus especialidades. La discriminación se presenta igual bajo interacciones afectivizadas que bajo formas muy autoritarias. Enfrentan acoso sexual en clase y en los años de especialización, y no dejan de ser construidas como sujetos subordinados. Al final se discute la importancia de estos hallazgos en la constitución del habitus médico.

          Translated abstract

          This article documents the gender abuse that Mexican medical students face. The concept of medical socialization is analyzed, with emphasis on the problem of the mistreatment of medical students. The theoretical framework articulates ideas from Foucault and Goffman with the nodal points of Bourdieu using a gender focus. Numerous examples are employed to show that the formal program of study also contains a hidden curriculum which serves to reproduce gender hierarchies. Women face numerous types of socially induced discouragement in choosing and completing their course of study, particularly in certain specialties. Discrimination is present in affectivized as well as in authoritarian interactions. They face sexual harassment in the classroom and in their years of specialization, and are constantly constructed as subordinated subjects. The importance of these findings in the constitution of a medical habitus is discussed.

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          The hidden curriculum in undergraduate medical education: qualitative study of medical students' perceptions of teaching.

          To study medical students' views about the quality of the teaching they receive during their undergraduate training, especially in terms of the hidden curriculum. Semistructured interviews with individual students. One medical school in the United Kingdom. 36 undergraduate medical students, across all stages of their training, selected by random and quota sampling, stratified by sex and ethnicity, with the whole medical school population as a sampling frame. Medical students' experiences and perceptions of the quality of teaching received during their undergraduate training. Students reported many examples of positive role models and effective, approachable teachers, with valued characteristics perceived according to traditional gendered stereotypes. They also described a hierarchical and competitive atmosphere in the medical school, in which haphazard instruction and teaching by humiliation occur, especially during the clinical training years. Following on from the recent reforms of the manifest curriculum, the hidden curriculum now needs attention to produce the necessary fundamental changes in the culture of undergraduate medical education.
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            La presentación de la persona en la vida cotidiana

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              Micro física del poder

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                sc
                Salud colectiva
                Salud colect.
                Universidad Nacional de Lanús (Lanús, Buenos Aires, Argentina )
                1669-2381
                1851-8265
                December 2014
                : 10
                : 3
                : 339-351
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Centro Regional de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias
                Article
                S1851-82652014000300005 S1851-8265(14)01000300005
                54f7d5bd-c915-4925-bdf5-d31d97360498

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 June 2014
                : 29 August 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 53, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Categories
                Artículos

                Socialization,Coerción,Sociología Médica,Médicos Mujeres,Hierarchy, Social,Coercion,Medical Sociology,Physicians, Women,Jerarquía Social,Socialización

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