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      Chronobiological types, duration of sleeping and psycho-emotional condition of teenagers

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          Abstract

          Sleep is a biological process that operates according to day and night cycles. This self-regulatory system is universal in all organisms, including humans and mammals. For this reason, the topic is widely analysed in the existing literature; however, no studies about chronobiological types of teenagers have been conducted in Lithuania before.

          253 schoolchildren, 13 to 18 years of age, were surveyed in schools of Vilnius and Panevėžys, Lithuania. Responses were gathered during the period from September 2013 to February 2014.

          The survey consists of four parts: demographical data, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, PedsQL 4.0 survey of life quality, and HADS – Hospital Anxiety and Depression Survey.

          In total, 115 (45.5%) boys and 138 (54.5%) girls participated in the survey. On average, boys sleep 7.10 (±1.27) hours, compared to 6.79 (±1.20) ( p = 0.05) hours for girls. 94 (37.2%) survey participants feel sleepy and/or very sleepy at school. 133 (52.6%) respondents find it difficult/very difficult to wake up in the morning. 218 (86.2%) respondents use the computer before going to sleep: 96 (83.5%) boys and 122 (88.4%) girls. Based on a subjective evaluation, 187 (73.9%) respondents categorize themselves as the evening type and 66 (26.1%) as the morning type. 13 (5.1%) respondents exhibit symptoms of depression.

          The majority of the respondents categorize themselves as evening/middle chronotypes. The average duration of sleep is 6.93 (±1.24) hours. 86.2% of the respondents use the computer before going to sleep. Half of the children may have difficulties waking up in the morning. One out of three children feels sleepy at school.

          Translated abstract

          PAAUGLIŲ CHRONOBIOLOGINIAI TIPAI, MIEGO TRUKMĖ IR PSICHOEMOCINĖ BŪKLĖ

          Santrauka

          Miegas – biologinis procesas, kuris funkcionuoja pagal dienos ir nakties ciklą. Ši reguliacijos sistema universali tiek žmonių, tiek žinduolių organizmuose. Tema plačiai aptarta mokslinėje literatūroje, vis dėlto iki šiol Lietuvoje nebuvo atlikta paauglių chronobiologinio tipo tyrimų.

          Vilniaus ir Panevėžio miestų mokyklose apklausti 13–18 metų 253 mokiniai. Apklausa atlikta 2013 m. rugsėjo–2014 m. vasario mėnesiais.

          Anketą sudarė IV dalys: demografiniai duomenys, ryto–vakaro klausimynas (angl. Morningness- Eveningness Questionnaire, Self-Assessment Version (MEQ–SA)), PedsQL 4.0 gyvenimo kokybės klausimynas, Depresijos ir nerimo vertinimo klausimynas (angl. HADS – Hospital Anxiety and Depression Survey).

          Dalyvavo 115 (45,5 %) berniukų ir 138 (54,5 %) mergaitės. Vidutinė miego trukmė – 6,93 val. (±1,24). Berniukų miego trukmė – 7,10 val. (±1,27), mergaičių – 6,79 val. (±1,20) ( p = 0,05). Mokykloje jaučiasi mieguistai ir / ar labai mieguistai 94 mokiniai (37,2 %). Prabusti rytais sunku ir / ar labai sunku 133 (52,6 %) mokiniams. Prieš miegą kompiuteriu naudojasi 218 (86,2 %) apklaustųjų: 96 (83,5 %) berniukai ir 122 (88,4 %) mergaitės. Subjektyviai vertindami paaugliai save priskiria vakariniam tipui – 187 (73,9 %), rytiniam tipui – 66 (26,1 %). Depresijos simptomai nustatyti 13 (5,1 %) mokinių.

          Išvados. Didesnė dalis apklaustųjų save priskiria vakariniam / tarpiniam chronotipui. Vidutinė nakties miego trukmė – 6,93 val. (±1,24). Prieš miegą kompiuteriu naudojasi 86,2 % paauglių. Ryte prabusti sunku kas antram mokiniui. Mokykloje mieguistas jaučiasi kas trečias vaikas.

          Raktažodžiai: paaugliai, chronobiologiniai tipai, gyvenimo kokybė

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          Most cited references23

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          Electronic media use and sleep in school-aged children and adolescents: A review.

          Electronic media have often been considered to have a negative impact on the sleep of children and adolescents, but there are no comprehensive reviews of research in this area. The present study identified 36 papers that have investigated the relationship between sleep and electronic media in school-aged children and adolescents, including television viewing, use of computers, electronic gaming, and/or the internet, mobile telephones, and music. Many variables have been investigated across these studies, although delayed bedtime and shorter total sleep time have been found to be most consistently related to media use. A model of the mechanisms by which media use may affect sleep is presented and discussed as a vehicle for future research. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            Functional consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents: a systematic review.

            During adolescence, changes in sleep patterns due to biological and environmental factors are well documented. Later bedtimes and inadequate sleep, i.e., short and disrupted sleep patterns, insomnia and daytime sleepiness, have become increasingly common. Accumulating evidence suggests that sleep plays a crucial role in healthy adolescent development. This review systematically explores descriptive evidence, based on prospective and cross sectional investigations, indicating that inadequate sleep is associated with negative outcomes in several areas of health and functioning, including somatic and psychosocial health, school performance and risk taking behavior. Findings highlight the need for longitudinal investigations aimed at establishing the underpinnings of these associations and for developing and implementing interventions designed to achieve healthier and more balanced sleep patterns in the adolescent population.
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              In search of lost sleep: secular trends in the sleep time of school-aged children and adolescents.

              Sleep deficits are associated with a wide range of detrimental physical and mental health outcomes. There is concern that children are not getting enough sleep, and that sleep duration has been declining. However, evidence is sparse. A systematic review of world literature was conducted to locate studies reporting the sleep duration of children aged 5-18 years. Monte Carlo simulation was used to generate pseudodata from summary data, which were combined with raw data and analysed by linear regression of sleep duration on year of measurement at the age × sex × day type × country level. Data were available on 690,747 children from 20 countries, dating from 1905 to 2008. From these data, 641 regressions were derived. The sample-weighted median rate of change was -0.75 min nightly per year, indicating a decrease of more than 1 h per night over the study period. Rates of change were negative across age, sex and day type categories, but varied according to region, with Europe, the USA, Canada and Asia showing decreases and Australia, the UK and Scandinavia showing increases. Over the last 103 years, there have been consistent rapid declines in the sleep duration of children and adolescents. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Acta Med Litu
                Acta Med Litu
                AML
                Acta Medica Lituanica
                Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers
                1392-0138
                2029-4174
                2016
                : 23
                : 4
                : 232-238
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Children’s Hospital, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
                [2] 2Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
                Author notes
                Lina Petronytė, Children’s Hospital, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių klinikos, Santariškių St. 7, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania. E-mail: petronyte.lina@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                10.6001/actamedica.v23i4.3425
                5287998
                55476f92-7af9-49f9-b0c5-090a8c15af77
                © Lietuvos mokslų akademija, 2016
                History
                : 17 October 2016
                : 21 December 2016
                Categories
                Research Article

                teenagers,chronobiological types,life quality
                teenagers, chronobiological types, life quality

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