Brazil nuts intake improves lipid profile, oxidative stress and microvascular function in obese adolescents: a randomized controlled trial

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Background

Obesity is a chronic disease associated to an inflammatory process resulting in oxidative stress that leads to morpho-functional microvascular damage that could be improved by some dietary interventions. In this study, the intake of Brazil nuts ( Bertholletia excelsa), composed of bioactive substances like selenium, α- e γ- tocopherol, folate and polyunsaturated fatty acids, have been investigated on antioxidant capacity, lipid and metabolic profiles and nutritive skin microcirculation in obese adolescents.

Methods

Obese female adolescents (n = 17), 15.4 ± 2.0 years and BMI of 35.6 ± 3.3 kg/m ², were randomized 1:1 in two groups with the diet supplemented either with Brazil nuts [BNG, n = 08, 15-25 g/day (equivalent to 3 to 5 units/day)] or placebo [PG (lactose), n = 09, one capsule/day] and followed for 16 weeks. Anthropometry, metabolic-lipid profiles, oxidative stress and morphological (capillary diameters) and functional [functional capillary density, red blood cell velocity (RBCV) at baseline and peak (RBCV _max) and time (TRBCV _max) to reach it during post-occlusive reactive hyperemia, after 1 min arterial occlusion] microvascular variables were assessed by nailfold videocapillaroscopy at baseline (T0) and after intervention (T1).

Results

T0 characteristics were similar between groups. At T1, BNG (intra-group variation) had increased selenium levels ( p = 0.02), RBCV ( p = 0.03) and RBCV _max( p = 0.03) and reduced total (TC) ( p = 0.02) and LDL-cholesterol ( p = 0.02). Compared to PG, Brazil nuts intake reduced TC ( p = 0.003), triglycerides ( p = 0.05) and LDL-ox ( p = 0.02) and increased RBCV ( p = 0.03).

Conclusion

Brazil nuts intake improved the lipid profile and microvascular function in obese adolescents, possibly due to its high level of unsaturated fatty acids and bioactive substances.

Trial Registration

Clinical Trials.gov NCT00937599

Related collections

Most cited references 27

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome.

Christian K Roberts, Kunal Sindhu (2009)

Metabolic syndrome is a collection of cardiometabolic risk factors that includes obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Although there has been significant debate regarding the criteria and concept of the syndrome, this clustering of risk factors is unequivocally linked to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Metabolic syndrome is often characterized by oxidative stress, a condition in which an imbalance results between the production and inactivation of reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species can best be described as double-edged swords; while they play an essential role in multiple physiological systems, under conditions of oxidative stress, they contribute to cellular dysfunction. Oxidative stress is thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, aging, Alzheimer's disease, kidney disease and cancer. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome and its major clinical manifestations (namely coronary artery disease, hypertension and diabetes). It will also highlight the effects of lifestyle modification in ameliorating oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome. Discussion will be limited to human data.

0 comments Cited 218 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

A walnut diet improves endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic subjects: a randomized crossover trial.

Rosa Gilabert, Ramón Deulofeu, Elena Casals … (2004)

Epidemiological studies suggest that nut intake decreases coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Nuts have a cholesterol-lowering effect that partly explains this benefit. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with CAD and its risk factors and is reversed by antioxidants and marine n-3 fatty acids. Walnuts are a rich source of both antioxidants and alpha-linolenic acid, a plant n-3 fatty acid. To test the hypothesis that walnut intake will reverse endothelial dysfunction, we randomized in a crossover design 21 hypercholesterolemic men and women to a cholesterol-lowering Mediterranean diet and a diet of similar energy and fat content in which walnuts replaced approximately 32% of the energy from monounsaturated fat. Participants followed each diet for 4 weeks. After each intervention, we obtained fasting blood and performed ultrasound measurements of brachial artery vasomotor function. Eighteen subjects completing the protocol had suitable ultrasound studies. Compared with the Mediterranean diet, the walnut diet improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation and reduced levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (P<0.05 for both). Endothelium-independent vasodilation and levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, and oxidation biomarkers were similar after each diet. The walnut diet significantly reduced total cholesterol (-4.4+/-7.4%) and LDL cholesterol (-6.4+/-10.0%) (P<0.05 for both). Cholesterol reductions correlated with increases of both dietary alpha-linolenic acid and LDL gamma-tocopherol content, and changes of endothelium-dependent vasodilation correlated with those of cholesterol-to-HDL ratios (P<0.05 for all). Substituting walnuts for monounsaturated fat in a Mediterranean diet improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemic subjects. This finding might explain the cardioprotective effect of nut intake beyond cholesterol lowering.

0 comments Cited 112 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Impaired microvascular function in obesity: implications for obesity-associated microangiopathy, hypertension, and insulin resistance.

R De Jongh, Coen Stehouwer, Greetje de Jong … (2004)

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing microangiopathy, hypertension, and insulin resistance. We hypothesized that obesity is a primary cause of microvascular dysfunction, which may contribute to the development of these obesity-related disorders. We examined microvascular function in 16 lean (body mass index 30 kg/m2) healthy women (mean age, 38.9+/-6.7 years) in the basal state and during physiological systemic hyperinsulinemia. We determined skin capillary recruitment after arterial occlusion with capillaroscopy and skin endothelium-(in)dependent vasodilation by iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Obese women, compared with lean women, had higher systolic blood pressure (P<0.05), impaired insulin sensitivity (P<0.01), impaired capillary recruitment in the basal state (P<0.05) and during hyperinsulinemia (P<0.05), and impaired acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation in the basal state (P<0.05) and during hyperinsulinemia (P<0.01). Sodium nitroprusside-mediated vasodilation was similar in lean and obese women. Capillary recruitment and acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation were positively correlated with insulin sensitivity (r=0.58, P<0.01 and r=0.55, P<0.01, respectively) and negatively with blood pressure (r=-0.64, P<0.001 and r=-0.42, P<0.05, respectively) in both lean and obese women. Obesity is characterized by impaired microvascular function in the basal state and during hyperinsulinemia and, in both lean and obese women, microvascular dysfunction is associated with increased blood pressure and decreased insulin sensitivity. These findings are consistent with a contribution of impaired microvascular function to the development of obesity-related microangiopathy, hypertension, and insulin resistance.

0 comments Cited 93 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nutr Metab (Lond)

Title: Nutrition & Metabolism

Publisher: BioMed Central

ISSN (Electronic): 1743-7075

Publication date Collection: 2011

Publication date (Electronic): 28 May 2011

Volume: 8

Page: 32

Affiliations

[1 ]Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory in Vascular Biology - BioVasc; Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro, CEP:20550-013 - Brazil

[2 ]Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine; Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory in Vascular Biology - BioVasc; Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro, CEP:20550-013 - Brazil

[3 ]Nutrition Applied Department; Nutrition Institute - Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20550-013 - Brazil

[4 ]Study Center for Adolescent Health - NESA Av 28 de setembro,. 87, CEP: 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro - Brazil

[5 ]Physiological Sciences Department; Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory in Vascular Biology - BioVasc; Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 , Rio de Janeiro CEP:20550-013 - Brazil

[6 ]Study Center for Nutrition and Oxidative Stress; Nutrition Institute; Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20550-013 - Brazil

[7 ]Physiological Sciences and Clinical Medicine Departments; Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory in Vascular Biology - BioVasc; Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 Rio de Janeiro, CEP:20550-013 -Brazil

Article

Publisher ID: 1743-7075-8-32

DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-8-32

PMC ID: 3123174

PubMed ID: 21619692

SO-VID: 5547c9d6-55cb-4be9-a738-29e3d2a26c3e

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Brazil nuts intake improves lipid profile, oxidative stress and microvascular function in obese adolescents: a randomized controlled trial

Read this article at

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Trial Registration

Related collections

Karger: Nutrition and Dietetics

Most cited references 27

Oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome.

A walnut diet improves endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic subjects: a randomized crossover trial.

Impaired microvascular function in obesity: implications for obesity-associated microangiopathy, hypertension, and insulin resistance.

Author and article information

Journal

Affiliations

Article

History

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 168

Cited by 30

Most referenced authors 851