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      La suplementación parenteral con ácidos grasos omega-3 EPA/DHA mejora el pronóstico de recuperación en los pacientes críticos Translated title: Parenteral supplementation with EPA/DHA omega-3 fatty acids improves recovery prognosis in critically ill patients

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: la decisión de suplementar la nutrición parenteral total (NPT) con emulsiones de los ácidos grasos (AG) omega-3 (Ω3) eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y docosahexaenoico (DHA) de origen marino se basa en los beneficios clínicos obtenidos en distintas situaciones médicas y quirúrgicas, entre los que destacan la reducción de la estancia hospitalaria, de los días de ventilación mecánica, de la incidencia de infecciones y de la mortalidad. Sin embargo, la evidencia en pacientes críticos aún es contradictoria. Objetivo: el objetivo de este ensayo clínico fue analizar el efecto de la suplementación con AG Ω3 EPA/DHA sobre los marcadores de pronóstico clínico: médicos, nutricionales y bioquímicos, en pacientes en estado crítico, en relación con el desenlace. Método: ensayo clínico, controlado, aleatorizado y unicéntrico en 64 pacientes adultos con condición crítica, de los cuales 47 pacientes se aleatorizaron para recibir NPT suplementada con AG Ω3 EPA/DHA a dosis de 0,1 g/kg/día (n = 23) o 0,2 g/kg/día (n = 24), comparados con un grupo de control histórico con NPT sin suplementación (n = 17). Se determinaron de manera basal y al final del soporte nutricional los marcadores de pronóstico clínico: médicos, nutricionales y bioquímicos. Resultados: los dos grupos con suplementación mostraron una reducción estadísticamente significativa de la mortalidad (p < 0,005); los marcadores de pronóstico clínico: SOFA, APACHE II, SAPS 3, NUTRIC, RTL y CRS, fueron consistentes en mostrar una mejoría significativa (p < 0,005) del pronóstico con las dosis de 0,1 y 0,2 g/kg/día de AG Ω3 EPA/DHA, respectivamente. Conclusión: la suplementación de la nutrición parenteral con ácidos grasos AG Ω3 EPA/DHA a dosis de 0,1 g y 0,2 g/kg/día mejora el pronóstico de la recuperación y la probabilidad de sobrevida en los pacientes críticos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: the decision to supplement total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with emulsions of omega-3 (Ω3) eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids (FA) of marine origin is based on the clinical benefits obtained in different medical situations and surgical procedures, among which reductions in hospital stay, days of mechanical ventilation, incidence of infections and mortality stand out. However, the evidence in critically ill patients remains contradictory. Objective: the objective of this clinical trial was to analyze the effect of supplementation with EPA/DHA Ω3 FAs on clinical prognostic markers -medical, nutritional and biochemical- in critically ill patients, relating to outcome. Method: a clinical, controlled, randomized, single-center trial in 64 critically ill adult patients, of which 47 patients were randomized to receive TPN supplemented with EPA/DHA Ω3 FAs in doses of 0.1 g/kg/day (n = 23) and 0.2 g/kg/day (n = 24), compared with a historical control group with TPN without supplementation (n = 17). Clinical prognosis markers were determined at baseline and at the end of nutritional support (medical, nutritional and biochemical). Results: the two groups with supplementation showed a statistically significant reduction in mortality (p < 0.005); the clinical prognostic markers SOFA, APACHE II, SAPS 3, NUTRIC, RTL and CRS were consistent in showing a significant improvement (p < 0.005), of prognosis with doses of 0.1 and 0.2 g/kg/day of EPA/DHA Ω3 FAs, respectively. Conclusion: supplementation of parenteral nutrition with EPA/DHA Ω3 fatty acids at doses of 0.1 g and 0.2 g/kg/day improves recovery prognosis and the probability of survival in critically ill patients.

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          Most cited references40

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          ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit

          Following the new ESPEN Standard Operating Procedures, the previous guidelines to provide best medical nutritional therapy to critically ill patients have been updated. These guidelines define who are the patients at risk, how to assess nutritional status of an ICU patient, how to define the amount of energy to provide, the route to choose and how to adapt according to various clinical conditions. When to start and how to progress in the administration of adequate provision of nutrients is also described. The best determination of amount and nature of carbohydrates, fat and protein are suggested. Special attention is given to glutamine and omega-3 fatty acids. Particular conditions frequently observed in intensive care such as patients with dysphagia, frail patients, multiple trauma patients, abdominal surgery, sepsis, and obesity are discussed to guide the practitioner toward the best evidence based therapy. Monitoring of this nutritional therapy is discussed in a separate document.
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            Identifying critically ill patients who benefit the most from nutrition therapy: the development and initial validation of a novel risk assessment tool

            Introduction To develop a scoring method for quantifying nutrition risk in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods A prospective, observational study of patients expected to stay > 24 hours. We collected data for key variables considered for inclusion in the score which included: age, baseline APACHE II, baseline SOFA score, number of comorbidities, days from hospital admission to ICU admission, Body Mass Index (BMI) < 20, estimated % oral intake in the week prior, weight loss in the last 3 months and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Approximate quintiles of each variable were assigned points based on the strength of their association with 28 day mortality. Results A total of 597 patients were enrolled in this study. Based on the statistical significance in the multivariable model, the final score used all candidate variables except BMI, CRP, PCT, estimated percentage oral intake and weight loss. As the score increased, so did mortality rate and duration of mechanical ventilation. Logistic regression demonstrated that nutritional adequacy modifies the association between the score and 28 day mortality (p = 0.01). Conclusions This scoring algorithm may be helpful in identifying critically ill patients most likely to benefit from aggressive nutrition therapy.
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              SAPS 3—From evaluation of the patient to evaluation of the intensive care unit. Part 1: Objectives, methods and cohort description

              Objective Risk adjustment systems now in use were developed more than a decade ago and lack prognostic performance. Objective of the SAPS 3 study was to collect data about risk factors and outcomes in a heterogeneous cohort of intensive care unit (ICU) patients, in order to develop a new, improved model for risk adjustment. Design Prospective multicentre, multinational cohort study. Patients and setting A total of 19,577 patients consecutively admitted to 307 ICUs from 14 October to 15 December 2002. Measurements and results Data were collected at ICU admission, on days 1, 2 and 3, and the last day of the ICU stay. Data included sociodemographics, chronic conditions, diagnostic information, physiological derangement at ICU admission, number and severity of organ dysfunctions, length of ICU and hospital stay, and vital status at ICU and hospital discharge. Data reliability was tested with use of kappa statistics and intraclass-correlation coefficients, which were >0.85 for the majority of variables. Completeness of the data was also satisfactory, with 1 [0–3] SAPS II parameter missing per patient. Prognostic performance of the SAPS II was poor, with significant differences between observed and expected mortality rates for the overall cohort and four (of seven) defined regions, and poor calibration for most tested subgroups. Conclusions The SAPS 3 study was able to provide a high-quality multinational database, reflecting heterogeneity of current ICU case-mix and typology. The poor performance of SAPS II in this cohort underscores the need for development of a new risk adjustment system for critically ill patients. Electronic Supplementary Material Electronic supplementary material is included in the online fulltext version of this article and accessible for authorised users: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-005-2762-6
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                February 2023
                : 40
                : 1
                : 3-12
                Affiliations
                [2] Puebla orgnameBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Mexico
                [3] Oaxaca de Juárez orgnameTecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca orgdiv1División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación México
                [1] Puebla orgnameHospital General de Puebla “Dr. Eduardo Vázquez Navarro” orgdiv1Servicio de Nutrición Clínica Parenteral México
                Article
                S0212-16112023000100002 S0212-1611(23)04000100002
                10.20960/nh.04227
                557157db-158f-4f26-a484-ffc84e38dcfb

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 May 2022
                : 15 October 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 10
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Trabajos Originales

                Mortalidad,Sepsis,Prognostic markers,Critically ill patient,Omega-3 fatty acids,Marcadores pronósticos,Paciente en estado crítico,Total parenteral nutrition,Ácidos grasos omega-3,Nutrición parenteral total,Mortality

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