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      Effects of alprazolam on capture stress-related serum cortisol responses in Korean raccoon dogs ( Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis)

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          Abstract

          The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of alprazolam on the stress that Korean raccoon dogs ( Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) may experience while caught in a live trap by measuring their serum cortisol response. The animals were placed in a live trap with or without being pretreated with oral doses of alprazolam. In both groups, pre-trap blood samples were initially collected without anesthesia before the animals were positioned in the live trap; then post-trap blood samples were collected after the animals had remained in the live trap for 2 h. Changes in cortisol levels were observed using a chemiluminescent immunoassay. The level of cortisol increased in the control group and decreased in the alprazolam-pretreatment group ( p < 0.05). In this study, we demonstrated that alprazolam pretreatment reduced stress during live trap capture.

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          Most cited references17

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          Cortisol levels and anxiety-related behaviors in cattle.

          This investigation was conducted to examine the relationship between cortisol levels and anxiety-related behavior in nine Angus/Hereford cows. In a non-stressful pasture setting, measures were taken of rumination, distance from another cow, and body position. In a stressful holding pen situation, measures were taken of vocalizations and resistance to entering a squeeze chute. Cortisol was measured in serum samples. Subjects with high levels of cortisol spent less time ruminating (p=0.007) and vocalized more (p=0.07) than subjects with low levels of cortisol. Regardless of statistical significance, all mean differences were in the predicted direction. Cortisol levels were correlated with time spent ruminating (p=0.004) and later entrance to the squeeze chute (p=0.10). All correlations were also in the predicted direction. These findings provide consistent support for the link between cortisol and anxiety-related behavior in beef cattle, and the findings have theoretical and practical implications.
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            Plasma cortisol as an indicator of stress due to capture and translocation in wildlife species.

            Plasma cortisol concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay in 712 individual animals of 18 wildlife species after either physical or chemical restraint, tranquillisation or trauma, in order to define baseline values and to assess the possibility of using cortisol as an indicator of stress. The cortisol levels appeared to rise after capture in all the species examined except the Cape buffalo. On the basis of the plasma cortisol levels, chemical capture was less stressful than physical restraint. Animals which were tranquillised had lower than 'normal' cortisol levels, whereas animals that had suffered trauma or which died after they were captured had higher than normal cortisol levels.
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              Protective effect of alprazolam in acute immobilization stress-induced certain behavioral and biochemical alterations in mice.

              Stress can be viewed as a cause of adverse circumstance that induces a wide range of biochemical and behavioral changes. Oxidative stress is a major contributor to the genesis of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric problems. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of alprazolam in acute immobilization-induced various behavioral and biochemical alteration in mice. Mice were immobilized for a period of 6 h. Alprazolam (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 30 min before subjecting the animals to acute stress and several behavioral (mirror chamber, actophotometer, tail flick test) and biochemical tests (malondialdehyde level, glutathione, catalase, nitrite and protein) were performed. Acute immobilization stress for a period of 6 h caused severe anxiety, analgesia and decreased locomotor activity in mice. Biochemical analyses revealed an increase in malondialdehyde, nitrite level and depleted glutathione and catalase activity in stressed brain. Pretreatment with alprazolam (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reversed immobilization stress-induced anxiety, analgesia and impaired locomotor activity. Biochemically, alprazolam pretreatment decreased malondialdehyde, nitrite activity and restored reduced glutathione level and catalase activity. These results suggest that alprazolam has a neuroprotective effect and can be used in the treatment and management of stress and related disorders.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Vet Sci
                JVS
                Journal of Veterinary Science
                The Korean Society of Veterinary Science
                1229-845X
                1976-555X
                March 2011
                05 March 2011
                : 12
                : 1
                : 103-105
                Affiliations
                College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Tel: +82-2-880-1260; Fax: +82-2-880-1216, nsshin@ 123456snu.ac.kr
                Article
                10.4142/jvs.2011.12.1.103
                3053461
                21368571
                557166b8-b6c2-46bc-bf7f-9c3446ca5c01
                Copyright © 2011 The Korean Society of Veterinary Science
                History
                : 06 July 2010
                : 24 August 2010
                Categories
                Case Report

                Veterinary medicine
                alprazolam,capture stress,nyctereutes procyonoide koreensis,cortisol,korean raccoon dog

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