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      • Record: found
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      Epidemiology of lung cancer in China

      research-article
      Author(s): , , ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Thoracic Cancer
      Publisher: BlackWell Publishing Ltd
      Keywords: Epidemiology, incidence, lung cancer, mortality

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          Abstract

          Background

          Lung cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in China. Along with socioeconomic development, environmental problems have intensified and the burden of lung cancer continues to increase.

          Methods

          In this study, national cancer registry data was used for evaluating incidence, mortality, time trend, and prediction.

          Results

          In China in 2010, 605 900 patients were diagnosed and 486 600 patients died of lung cancer. Throughout the last three decades, the mortality of lung cancer has dramatically increased, as shown in national death surveys. From 2000 to 2010, age specific incidence of lung cancer increased in most age groups. It is estimated that in 2015, the total number of new cases of lung cancer will reach 733 300.

          Conclusions

          Lung cancer is a serious disease affecting public health and an effective control strategy is needed in China.

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          Most cited references17

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          The International Epidemiology of Lung Cancer: geographical distribution and secular trends.

          Danny Youlden, Susanna M Cramb, Peter D Baade (2008)
          This review presents the latest available international data for lung cancer incidence, mortality and survival, emphasizing the established causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer. In 2002, it was estimated that 1.35 million people throughout the world were diagnosed with lung cancer, and 1.18 million died of lung cancer-more than for any other type of cancer. There are some key differences in the epidemiology of lung cancer between more developed and less developed countries. In more developed countries, incidence and mortality rates are generally declining among males and are starting to plateau for females, reflecting previous trends in smoking prevalence. In contrast, there are some populations in less developed countries where increasing lung cancer rates are predicted to continue, due to endemic use of tobacco. A higher proportion of lung cancer cases are attributable to nonsmoking causes within less developed countries, particularly among women. Worldwide, the majority of lung cancer patients are diagnosed after the disease has progressed to a more advanced stage. Despite advances in chemotherapy, prognosis for lung cancer patients remains poor, with 5-year relative survival less than 14% among males and less than 18% among females in most countries. Given the increasing incidence of lung cancer in less developed countries and the current lack of effective treatment for advanced lung cancers, these results highlight the need for ongoing global tobacco reform to reduce the international burden of lung cancer.
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            Cigarette smoking and lung cancer--relative risk estimates for the major histological types from a pooled analysis of case-control studies.

            Beate Pesch, Benjamin Kendzia, Per Gustavsson … (2012)
            Lung cancer is mainly caused by smoking, but the quantitative relations between smoking and histologic subtypes of lung cancer remain inconclusive. By using one of the largest lung cancer datasets ever assembled, we explored the impact of smoking on risks of the major cell types of lung cancer. This pooled analysis included 13,169 cases and 16,010 controls from Europe and Canada. Studies with population controls comprised 66.5% of the subjects. Adenocarcinoma (AdCa) was the most prevalent subtype in never smokers and in women. Squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) predominated in male smokers. Age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated with logistic regression. ORs were elevated for all metrics of exposure to cigarette smoke and were higher for SqCC and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) than for AdCa. Current male smokers with an average daily dose of >30 cigarettes had ORs of 103.5 (95% confidence interval (CI): 74.8-143.2) for SqCC, 111.3 (95% CI: 69.8-177.5) for SCLC and 21.9 (95% CI: 16.6-29.0) for AdCa. In women, the corresponding ORs were 62.7 (95% CI: 31.5-124.6), 108.6 (95% CI: 50.7-232.8) and 16.8 (95% CI: 9.2-30.6), respectively. Although ORs started to decline soon after quitting, they did not fully return to the baseline risk of never smokers even 35 years after cessation. The major result that smoking exerted a steeper risk gradient on SqCC and SCLC than on AdCa is in line with previous population data and biological understanding of lung cancer development. Copyright © 2011 UICC.
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              International variation.

              D Parkin (2004)
              There were an estimated 10 million new cases, 6 million deaths and 22 million persons living with cancer in the year 2000. The most common cancers are, in terms of new cases, lung (1.2 million), breast (1.05 million), colon-rectum (945 000), stomach (876 000) and liver (564 000). The geographic distributions of some 20 types of cancer for which national estimates have been made are summarized. These patterns are examined with respect to the likely reasons in terms of variation in exposure to carcinogens (in the external environment or through lifestyle choices) or in genetic susceptibility to them. Related data from studies of migrant populations (that allow comparisons of genetically similar populations living in different environments) and from comparisons between different ethnic groups living in the same country are used to help in the interpretation of the geographic patterns. Information on the burden of disease also has a very important role in the planning and monitoring of programmes of cancer control.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Thorac Cancer
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Thorac Cancer
                Journal ID (publisher-id): tca
                Title: Thoracic Cancer
                Publisher: BlackWell Publishing Ltd (Oxford, UK )
                ISSN (Print): 1759-7706
                ISSN (Electronic): 1759-7714
                Publication date (Print): March 2015
                Publication date (Electronic): 02 March 2015
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 209-215
                Affiliations
                National Cancer Center Beijing, China
                Author notes
                Correspondence, Wanqing Chen, National Cancer Center, Beijing, 100021, China., Tel: +86 10 8778 7039, Fax: +86 10 6771 8227, Email: chenwq@ 123456cicams.ac.cn
                Article
                DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12169
                PMC ID: 4448492
                PubMed ID: 26273360
                SO-VID: 5581e643-0860-4927-9a79-a28965450eb2
                Copyright © © 2014 The Authors. Thoracic Cancer published by Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

                History
                Date received : 19 August 2014
                Date accepted : 22 August 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Original Articles

                Keywords: epidemiology,incidence,lung cancer,mortality
                Data availability:
                Keywords: epidemiology, incidence, lung cancer, mortality

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