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      Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation Improve Nutritional Status and Inflammatory Response in Patients With Lung Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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          Abstract

          Background and Aims: Clinical studies have reported positive results with omega-3 supplements in patients with cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in improving the nutritional status and inflammatory markers of patients with lung cancer.

          Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, parallel design trial, 60 patients with lung cancer at nutritional status/risk based on the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 were randomized to be allocated to two study groups, receiving omega-3 fatty acid supplements [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 1.6 g and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 0.8 g] or placebo for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements [weight, body mass index (BMI), the circumference of the upper arm, and skinfold thickness of triceps], nutrition-based laboratory indices (hemoglobin, albumin, triglyceride, and cholesterol), and inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6)] were measured before and after the intervention as study outcomes.

          Results: No significant difference between the two study groups was observed regarding basic characteristics and study outcomes. Compared with placebo group, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation group showed significant higher weight (66.71 ± 9.17 vs. 61.33 ± 8.03, p = 0.021), albumin (4.74 ± 0.80 vs. 4.21 ± 0.77, p = 0.013), and triglyceride (130.90 ± 25.17 vs. 119.07 ± 14.44, p = 0.032). Inflammatory markers were significantly reduced in omega-3 group compared to placebo (CRP 1.42 ± 0.63 vs. 3.00 ± 1.05, p = 0.001 and TNF-α 1.92 ± 0.65 vs. 4.24 ± 1.19, p = 0.001). No significant difference was observed between the two study groups regarding changes in BMI, the circumference of the upper arm, skinfold thickness of triceps, triglyceride, cholesterol, and IL-6 ( p > 0.05).

          Conclusions: Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation can improve nutritional status and suppress the systemic inflammatory response in patients with lung cancer.

          Clinical Trial Registration: www.socialscienceregistry.org, identifier: AEARCTR-0007165.

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          Lung cancer: epidemiology, etiology, and prevention.

          Charles S. Dela Cruz, Lynn Tanoue, Richard Matthay (2011)
          Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and around the world. A vast majority of lung cancer deaths are attributable to cigarette smoking, and curbing the rates of cigarette smoking is imperative. Understanding the epidemiology and causal factors of lung cancer can provide additional foundation for disease prevention. This article focuses on modifiable risk factors, including tobacco smoking, occupational carcinogens, diet, and ionizing radiation. It also discusses briefly the molecular and genetic aspects of lung carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
          Article 0 comments Cited 251 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Incidence and mortality of lung cancer: global trends and association with socioeconomic status

            Martin C. S. Wong, Xiang Lao, Kin-Fai Ho … (2017)
            We examined the correlation between lung cancer incidence/mortality and country-specific socioeconomic development, and evaluated its most recent global trends. We retrieved its age-standardized incidence rates from the GLOBOCAN database, and temporal patterns were assessed from global databases. We employed simple linear regression analysis to evaluate their correlations with Human Development Index (HDI) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. The average annual percent changes (AAPC) of the trends were evaluated from join-point regression analysis. Country-specific HDI was strongly correlated with age-standardized incidence (r = 0.70) and mortality (r = 0.67), and to a lesser extent GDP (r = 0.24 to 0.55). Among men, 22 and 30 (out of 38 and 36) countries showed declining incidence and mortality trends, respectively; whilst among women, 19 and 16 countries showed increasing incidence and mortality trends, respectively. Among men, the AAPCs ranged from −2.8 to −0.6 (incidence) and −3.6 to −1.1 (mortality) in countries with declining trend, whereas among women the AAPC range was 0.4 to 8.9 (incidence) and 1 to 4.4 (mortality) in countries with increasing trend. Among women, Brazil, Spain and Cyprus had the greatest incidence increase, and all countries in Western, Southern and Eastern Europe reported increasing mortality. These findings highlighted the need for targeted preventive measures.
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              Outdoor air pollution and cancer: An overview of the current evidence and public health recommendations

              Michelle Turner, Zorana Andersen, Andrea A. Baccarelli … (2020)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Nutr
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Nutr
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Nutr.
                Title: Frontiers in Nutrition
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 2296-861X
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 July 2021
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Volume: 8
                Electronic Location Identifier: 686752
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University , Lu'an, China
                [2] 2Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Lu'an People's Hospital , Lu'an, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Arved Weimann, St. Georg Hospital, Germany

                Reviewed by: Vera C. Mazurak, University of Alberta, Canada; Meghit Boumediene Khaled, University of Sidi-Bel-Abbès, Algeria

                *Correspondence: Qianlun Huo huoqianlunluan@ 123456163.com

                This article was submitted to Clinical Nutrition, a section of the journal Frontiers in Nutrition

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.686752
                PMC ID: 8362886
                PubMed ID: 34395492
                SO-VID: 5589e250-3864-4723-b189-b47556b2d0d3
                Copyright © Copyright © 2021 Cheng, Zhang, Ning and Huo.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 27 March 2021
                Date accepted : 21 June 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 8, Words: 5595
                Funding
                Funded by: Anhui Medical University 10.13039/501100002947
                Award ID: 784-1396
                Categories
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Clinical Trial

                Keywords: omega-3 fatty acids,lung cancer,nutrition,inflammation,supplement
                Data availability:
                Keywords: omega-3 fatty acids, lung cancer, nutrition, inflammation, supplement

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