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      Efecto molusquicida del fruto de Sapindus saponaria sobre Galba cubensis, hospedero intermediario de fasciolosis en Cuba Translated title: Molluscicidal effects of Sapindus saponaria fruit on Galba cubensis, intermediary hosts of Fascioliosis in Cuba

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          Abstract

          Resumen Antecedentes y objetivo: Galba cubensis es el hospedero intermediario principal de Fasciola hepatica en Cuba. El objetivo de este trabajo fue demostrar el efecto molusquicida de Sapindus saponaria L. sobre Galba cubensis a nivel de laboratorio para proponer esta planta como un candidato para el control ecológico de este caracol. Métodos: Diferentes concentraciones del extracto hidroalcohólico del pericarpio de S. saponaria de seis meses de colectado fueron testadas sobre individuos de G. cubensis según la metodología de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Con el gradiente de las concentraciones obtenidas se determinó la CL50 y CL90, a las que fue determinada la influencia sobre la frecuencia cardíaca de los moluscos. Resultados: Se constató que el efecto molusquicida del extracto vegetal fue considerable (P ≤ 0,01; R2 = 60,6), con un comportamiento de mortalidad, así como de la disminución de la frecuencia cardiaca dependiente de la concentración. Entre las CL50 = 39,8 mg/L y CL90 = 67,9 mg/L obtenidas se observaron diferencias significativas en la prueba de disminución de las frecuencias cardiacas (P ≤ 0,01), y entre la CL90 y el grupo control (P ≤ 0,01); no así entre el grupo control y la CL50 (P = 0,24). Conclusiones: El hecho de que el material vegetal luego de seis meses de colectado tuviera actividad molusquicida es muy importante para proponer esta planta como candidato para el control de los hospederos intermediarios de Fasciolosis en nuestra región.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Aim: In Cuba, Galba cubensis is the main intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica. The objective of this research is to determine at the laboratory level the molluscicidal activity of S. saponaria on G. cubensis to propose this plant as another candidate for ecological control of this snail. Methods: Different hidroalcoholic extract concentrations from S. saponaria pericarp after six months collected were assessed according to the WHO methodology. With a concentrations gradient, CL50 y CL90 were determined, at these concentrations influence on hearth rate of the mollusks were evaluated. Results: It was verified a considerable molluscicidal effect of extracts respect to the lethality (R2= 60.6; P ≤ 0.01) in a concentration dependent manner, as well as in the decrease of the heart rate frequency at CL50 y CL90. Differences between LC50= 39.8 mg/l and LC90= 67.9 mg/l were significant (P ≤ 0.01), and also between the control group and LC90 (P ≤ 0.01); but not between control group and LC50 (P = 0.24). Conclusion: The fact that plant material after six months collected has molluscicidal activity is very important in order to propose this plant as a Fasciolosis intermediate host control candidate in our area.

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          Molluscicidal saponins from Sapindus mukorossi, inhibitory agents of golden apple snails, Pomacea canaliculata.

          Extracts of soapnut, Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. (Sapindaceae) showed molluscicidal effects against the golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck. (Ampullariidae) with LC(50) values of 85, 22, and 17 ppm after treating 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Bioassay-directed fractionation of S. mukorossi resulted in the isolation of one new hederagenin-based acetylated saponin, hederagenin 3-O-(2,4-O-di-acetyl-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside)-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (1), along with six known hederagenin saponins, hederagenin 3-O-(3,4-O-di-acetyl-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside)-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (2), hederagenin 3-O-(3-O-acetyl-beta-d-xylopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (3), hederagenin 3-O-(4-O-acetyl-beta-d-xylopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (4), hederagenin 3-O-(3,4-O-di-acetyl-beta-d-xylopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (5), hederagenin 3-O-beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (6), and hederagenin 3-O-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (7). The bioassay data revealed that 1-7 were molluscicidal, causing 70-100% mortality at 10 ppm against the golden apple snail.
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            Pharmacological effects of Sapindus mukorossi

            Sapindus mukorossi is an extremely valuable medicinal plant, distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions of Asia. The aim of present review is to form a short compilation of the phytochemical composition and pharmacological properties of this multipurpose tree. The main phytoconstituents isolated and identified from different parts of this plant are triterpenoidal saponins of oleanane, dammarane and tirucullane type. The structure and chemical names of all the types of triterpenoidal saponins reported in Sapindus mukorossi are included in this review. Many research studies have been conducted to prove the plant's potential as being spermicidal, contraceptive, hepatoprotective, emetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-protozoal. The present review highlights some of the salient pharmacological uses of Sapindus mukorossi.
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              The global burden of fasciolosis in domestic animals with an outlook on the contribution of new approaches for diagnosis and control.

              Fasciolosis is an economically important disease for livestock, as well as being zoonotic. Recent figures on the prevalence of this disease have caused alarm concerning its potential for an increased prevalence in the future. The prevalence of fascioliosis has been documented from different regions of the world, helping us identify areas where future research needs to be focused. This manuscript is a review of the current status of the disease, the pathogenic species involved, diagnostic techniques (with new modifications and comparative specificity, sensitivity, and rapidity of these tests), chemotherapy, and vaccination. This also encompasses inaccurate reports on vaccination and drug development as well as the latest technologies to find promising candidates for drugs and vaccines. Drugs with lower efficacy have been used on some farms which lead to exacerbation of the clinical disease, presumably due to the development of drug resistance. Future studies should be focused on (1) the use of the most reliable diagnostic tests for periodic monitoring of the disease, (2) insights of the ecobiology and transmission dynamics of the snail intermediate host and the best possible methods of their control, (3) in vitro and in vivo testing of chemotherapeutic compounds using sensitive methods, and (4) the identification of novel drug and vaccine candidates using modern molecular markers. This approach may help increase the reliability of chemotherapeutic agents and control nuisance, ultimately reducing the economic losses attributable to the livestock industry around the world.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rpa
                Revista de Producción Animal
                Rev. prod. anim.
                Ediciones Universidad de Camagüey (Camagüey, , Cuba )
                2224-7920
                April 2019
                : 47-54
                Affiliations
                [4] Villa Clara orgnameUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas Dr. Serafín Ruiz de Zárate Ruiz orgdiv1Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud Julio Trigo López Cuba
                [1] Camagüey orgnameUniversidad de Camagüey Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas Cuba
                [2] orgnameUnidad Municipal de Higiene y Epidemiología de Camagüey orgdiv1Departamento de Control de Vectores Cuba
                [3] Camagüey orgnameUnidad Provincial de Vigilancia y Lucha Antivectorial Cuba
                Article
                S2224-79202019000100047
                559ff72d-ef73-4262-a443-a3dfc12cc5f2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 September 2018
                : 16 September 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Cuba


                extractos vegetales,Fasciola hepatica,toxicología,plant extract,toxicology

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