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      Revisiting bacterial volatile-mediated plant growth promotion: lessons from the past and objectives for the future

      review-article
      1 , 2 , 3
      Annals of Botany
      Oxford University Press
      PGPR, bacterial volatile, BVC, biostimulant, field application

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          Abstract

          Background

          Bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs) are important mediators of beneficial plant–bacteria interactions. BVCs promote above-ground plant growth by stimulating photosynthesis and sugar accumulation and by modulating phytohormone signalling. These compounds also improve below-ground mineral uptake and modify root system architecture.

          Scope

          We review advances in our understanding of the mode of action and practical applications of BVCs since the discovery of BVC-mediated plant growth promotion in 2003. We also discuss unanswered questions about the identity of plant receptors, the effectiveness of combination of two or more BVCs on plant growth, and the potential side effects of these compounds for human and animal health.

          Conclusion

          BVCs have good potential for use as biostimulants and protectants to improve plant health. Further advances in the development of suitable technologies and preparing standards and guidelines will help in the application of BVCs in crop protection and health.

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          Most cited references77

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          Microbial interactions in the rhizosphere: beneficial influences of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on nutrient acquisition process. A review

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            Regulation of plant growth by cytokinin.

            Cytokinins are a class of plant-specific hormones that play a central role during the cell cycle and influence numerous developmental programs. Because of the lack of biosynthetic and signaling mutants, the regulatory roles of cytokinins are not well understood. We genetically engineered cytokinin oxidase expression in transgenic tobacco plants to reduce their endogenous cytokinin content. Cytokinin-deficient plants developed stunted shoots with smaller apical meristems. The plastochrone was prolonged, and leaf cell production was only 3-4% that of wild type, indicating an absolute requirement of cytokinins for leaf growth. In contrast, root meristems of transgenic plants were enlarged and gave rise to faster growing and more branched roots. These results suggest that cytokinins are an important regulatory factor of plant meristem activity and morphogenesis, with opposing roles in shoots and roots.
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              Soil bacteria confer plant salt tolerance by tissue-specific regulation of the sodium transporter HKT1.

              Elevated sodium (Na(+)) decreases plant growth and, thereby, agricultural productivity. The ion transporter high-affinity K(+) transporter (HKT)1 controls Na(+) import in roots, yet dysfunction or overexpression of HKT1 fails to increase salt tolerance, raising questions as to HKT1's role in regulating Na(+) homeostasis. Here, we report that tissue-specific regulation of HKT1 by the soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis GB03 confers salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Under salt stress (100 mM NaCl), GB03 concurrently down- and upregulates HKT1 expression in roots and shoots, respectively, resulting in lower Na(+) accumulation throughout the plant compared with controls. Consistent with HKT1 participation in GB03-induced salt tolerance, GB03 fails to rescue salt-stressed athkt1 mutants from stunted foliar growth and elevated total Na(+) whereas salt-stressed Na(+) export mutants sos3 show GB03-induced salt tolerance with enhanced shoot and root growth as well as reduced total Na(+). These results demonstrate that tissue-specific regulation of HKT1 is critical for managing Na(+) homeostasis in salt-stressed plants, as well as underscore the breadth and sophistication of plant-microbe interactions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Ann Bot
                Ann. Bot
                annbot
                Annals of Botany
                Oxford University Press (US )
                0305-7364
                1095-8290
                August 2018
                05 July 2018
                05 July 2018
                : 122
                : 3
                : 349-358
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
                [2 ]Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
                [3 ]Biosystem and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
                Author notes
                For correspondence. E-mail cmryu@ 123456kribb.re.kr
                Article
                mcy108
                10.1093/aob/mcy108
                6110341
                29982345
                55ae0f8d-a6c5-4b9c-abf5-39fa727d63bb
                © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 14 March 2018
                : 11 May 2018
                : 02 July 2018
                Page count
                Pages: 10
                Funding
                Funded by: Ministry of Science and ICT
                Award ID: ABC-2015M3A6A2065697
                Funded by: KRIBB Initiative Program, South Korea
                Categories
                Invited Review

                Plant science & Botany
                pgpr,bacterial volatile,bvc,biostimulant,field application
                Plant science & Botany
                pgpr, bacterial volatile, bvc, biostimulant, field application

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