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      The role of sediments in the carbon and pollutant cycles in aquatic ecosystems Translated title: O papel dos sedimentos nos ciclos de carbono e poluentes em ecossistemas aquáticos

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          Abstract

          Abstract Aim Anthropogenic modifications in the landscape are accelerating biogeochemical cycles and causing unbalances in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems with still unknow impacts on biotic and abiotic processes. Therefore, there has been increasing scientific interest in the links between human activities and ecosystems functions. Methods Here we review the role of aquatic sediments in the carbon and pollutant cycle. Results We briefly explore the historical context, origin, and composition of the sediments, as well as the factors that influence the processes of carbon and contaminants cycling and the role of sediments in the greenhouse gases emissions in aquatic ecosystems. Conclusions Aquatic sediments can help to understand the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem changes, once they are good sentinels, reflecting key biogeochemical processes over time.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Objetivo Modificações antrópicas na paisagem estão acelerando os ciclos biogeoquímicos e promovendo desbalanços entre ecossistemas terrestres e aquáticos de maneira sem precedentes, com impactos ainda desconhecidos nos processos bióticos e abióticos. Desta forma, é crescente o interesse científico nas relações entre atividades humanas e funções ecossistêmicas. Métodos Neste trabalho, foi realizada uma revisão do papel dos sedimentos aquáticos nos ciclos do carbono e de poluentes. Resultados Neste trabalho exploramos brevemente o contexto histórico, a origem e composição dos sedimentos, bem como os fatores que influenciam os processos de ciclagem do carbono e dos contaminantes, e o papel dos sedimentos nas emissões de gases de efeito estufa em ecossistemas aquáticos. Conclusões Sedimentos aquáticos podem ajudar a compreender as mudanças nos ecossistemas terrestres e aquáticos, uma vez que são considerados bons sentinelas, capazes de refletir processos biogeoquímicos chave ao longo do tempo.

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          Anthropogenic perturbation of the carbon fluxes from land to ocean

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            Occurrence and Spatial Distribution of Microplastics in River Shore Sediments of the Rhine-Main Area in Germany.

            Plastic debris is one of the most significant organic pollutants in the aquatic environment. Because of properties such as buoyancy and extreme durability, synthetic polymers are present in rivers, lakes, and oceans and accumulate in sediments all over the world. However, freshwater sediments have attracted less attention than the investigation of sediments in marine ecosystems. For this reason, river shore sediments of the rivers Rhine and Main in the Rhine-Main area in Germany were analyzed. The sample locations comprised shore sediment of a large European river (Rhine) and a river characterized by industrial influence (Main) in areas with varying population sizes as well as sites in proximity to nature reserves. All sediments analyzed contained microplastic particles (<5 mm) with mass fractions of up to 1 g kg⁻¹ or 4000 particles kg⁻¹. Analysis of the plastics by infrared spectroscopy showed a large abundance of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, which covered more than 75% of all polymer types identified in the sediment. Short distance transport of plastic particles from the tributary to the main stream could be confirmed by the identification of pellets, which were separated from shore sediment samples of both rivers. This systematic study shows the emerging pollution of inland river sediments with microplastics and, as a consequence thereof, underlines the importance of rivers as vectors of transport of microplastics into the ocean.
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              Synthetic chemicals as agents of global change

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                alb
                Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
                Acta Limnol. Bras.
                Associação Brasileira de Limnologia (Rio Claro, SP, Brazil )
                2179-975X
                2019
                : 31
                : e201
                Affiliations
                [01] Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Juiz de Fora orgdiv1Departamento de Zoologia orgdiv2Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Brazil
                [02] Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Juiz de Fora orgdiv1Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática orgdiv2Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Brazil
                Article
                S2179-975X2019000100801
                10.1590/s2179-975x8918
                5603b1af-1fdf-4179-97d1-375f83af48f6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 October 2018
                : 30 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 77, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Thematic Section: Mini-Reviews in Applied Limnology

                ciclos biogeoquímicos,sedimentos de água doce,mineralização do carbono orgânico,contaminantes,atividade antrópica,biogeochemical cycles,freshwater sediments,organic carbon mineralization,contaminants,anthropogenic activities

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