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      The effects of gender, educational level, and personality on online learning outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic

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          Abstract

          With the rampant pandemic of COVID-19, an increasing number of people are acquiring knowledge through online learning approaches. This study aims to investigate how to improve online learning effectiveness during this special time. Through a mixed design, this study revealed the effect of educational levels, gender, and personality traits on online learning outcomes. It was concluded that postgraduates (N = 599) outperformed undergraduates (N = 553) in online learning, learners (N = 1152) with strong personality traits such as agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to a new experience outperformed those with strong extraversion and neuroticism. Future research could improve interpersonal interactions and encourage learners to post words in the online discussion forum, focus on how to design scaffolding online learning and how to improve the quality and dynamic of the online contents, and highlight blended learning rather than either merely online or traditional face-to-face learning.

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          THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS AND JOB PERFORMANCE: A META-ANALYSIS

          Murray Barrick, Michael K. Mount (1991)
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            The mini-IPIP scales: tiny-yet-effective measures of the Big Five factors of personality.

            David B Baird, Anne Donnellan, Frederick Oswald … (2006)
            The Mini-IPIP, a 20-item short form of the 50-item International Personality Item Pool-Five-Factor Model measure (Goldberg, 1999), was developed and validated across five studies. The Mini-IPIP scales, with four items per Big Five trait, had consistent and acceptable internal consistencies across five studies (= at or well above .60), similar coverage of facets as other broad Big Five measures (Study 2), and test-retest correlations that were quite similar to the parent measure across intervals of a few weeks (Study 4) and several months (Study 5). Moreover, the Mini-IPIP scales showed a comparable pattern of convergent, discriminant, and criterion-related validity (Studies 2-5) with other Big Five measures. Collectively, these results indicate that the Mini-IPIP is a psychometrically acceptable and practically useful short measure of the Big Five factors of personality. Copyright 2006 APA, all rights reserved.
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              Advantages, Limitations and Recommendations for online learning during COVID-19 pandemic era

              Khadijah Mukhtar, Kainat Javed, Mahwish Arooj … (2020)
              Objective: During COVID-19 pandemic, the institutions in Pakistan have started online learning. This study explores the perception of teachers and students regarding its advantages, limitations and recommendations. Methods: This qualitative case study was conducted from March to April 2020. Using maximum variation sampling, 12 faculty members and 12 students from University College of Medicine and University College of Dentistry, Lahore were invited to participate. Four focus group interviews, two each with the faculty and students of medicine and dentistry were carried out. Data were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed using Atlas Ti. Results: The advantages included remote learning, comfort, accessibility, while the limitations involved inefficiency and difficulty in maintaining academic integrity. The recommendations were to train faculty on using online modalities and developing lesson plan with reduced cognitive load and increased interactivities. Conclusion: The current study supports the use of online learning in medical and dental institutes, considering its various advantages. Online learning modalities encourage student-centered learning and they are easily manageable during this lockdown situation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Zhonggen Yu:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3873-980X
                yuzhonggen@blcu.edu.cn , 401373742@qq.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Educ Technol High Educ
                Title: International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education
                Publisher: Springer International Publishing (Cham )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2365-9440
                Publication date (Electronic): 2 April 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 2 April 2021
                Publication date (Print): 2021
                Volume: 18
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: 14
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.443257.3, ISNI 0000 0001 0741 516X, Department of English Studies, Faculty of Foreign Languages, , Beijing Language and Culture University, ; 15 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083 China
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3873-980X
                Article
                Publisher ID: 252
                DOI: 10.1186/s41239-021-00252-3
                PMC ID: 8016506
                PubMed ID: 34778520
                SO-VID: 56076a41-7c85-407a-b378-3206953b184d
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2021
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 30 December 2020
                Date accepted : 3 March 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2021

                Keywords: covid-19 pandemic,educational levels,gender,personality
                Data availability:
                Keywords: covid-19 pandemic, educational levels, gender, personality

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