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      Élites empresariales y proceso de democratización en Paraguay Translated title: Business elites and the process of democratization in Paraguay

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          Abstract

          Resumen Este estudio expone la primera época del proceso de democratización en Paraguay que inició en 1987 y culminó en 1992. El mismo se basó en un enfoque sociohistórico, movilizando información cualitativa desde testimonios sobre el proceso en cuestión, así como información estadística descriptiva que permitió entender el contexto de los cambios en el período referido. En este marco, se expone de qué manera las élites empresariales paraguayas, en tanto sector más dinámico de la clase dominante, no solo impulsaron el derrocamiento del régimen autoritario del ex dictador Alfredo Stroessner, sino que también orientaron los rumbos de la gestión económica y el rediseño de la arquitectura institucional de la república en función a sus intereses y de los privilegios obtenidos durante la dictadura. Entre los hallazgos, se expone que dichas élites ensayaron, durante la “primera transición”, mecanismos de acomodación y neutralización de los avances en derechos sociales, en la medida en que estos implicaron una democratización sustantiva del sistema político. Si bien la apertura democrática fue apuntalada como un cambio necesario, conllevó riesgosas implicaciones para la realización de los intereses específicos de las élites. En conclusión, la democracia quedó marcada por la captura del Estado por los sectores económicos que salieron fortalecidos después del régimen autoritario, dejando debilitadas a las clases trabajadoras en su posibilidad de oponer resistencia y acceder a derechos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract This study exposes the first phase of the process of democratization in Paraguay that began in 1987 and ended in 1992. It was based on a sociohistorical approach that used qualitative information from testimonies about the process in question, as well as descriptive statistical information that helped explain the context of the changes that took place in the referred period. From this framework, the paper exposes how the Paraguayan business elites, as the most dynamic sector of the ruling class, not only led the removal of the authoritarian regime of the ex-dictator Alfredo Stroessner, but also guided the economic management and the redesign of the institutional architecture of the republic according to their interests and the privileges obtained during the dictatorship. Among the findings, this research shows that during the "first transition" these elites created mechanisms of accommodation and neutralization of the advances in social rights, to the extent that these would imply a substantive democratization of the political system. Although the democratic aperture was presented as a necessary change, it had risky implications due to the promotion of the specific interests of the elites. In conclusion, democracy was marked by the seizure of the State by the economic sectors that were strengthened after the authoritarian regime, leaving the working classes weakened in their ability to resist and access rights.

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          Most cited references23

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          Delegative democracy

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            Persistence of Power, Elites, and Institutions

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              De Facto Political Power and Institutional Persistence

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                iconosfl
                Íconos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales
                Íconos
                FLACSO Ecuador (Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador )
                1390-1249
                1390-8065
                December 2019
                : 65
                : 199-220
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameUniversidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción Paraguay guillermorojas44@ 123456gmail.com
                [1] New York orgnameThe New School United States l.ortizs@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                S1390-12492019000300199
                10.17141/iconos.65.2019.3504
                56275880-5f73-4e2b-a35e-a701e4aded5c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 August 2018
                : 12 March 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 58, Pages: 22
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                SciELO null


                desigualdad social,democracia,democratización,élites empresariales,Estado,Paraguay,Democracy,democratization,business elites,state,social inequality

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