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      Comparing the values of progesterone in the blood of bitches as measured with a chemiluminescence immunoassay and a radioimmunoassay

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      Reproduction in Domestic Animals
      Wiley

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          Reproductive cycles of the domestic bitch.

          Domestic dogs are monoestrous, typically non-seasonal, polytocous, spontaneous ovulators and have a spontaneous luteal phase slightly longer (by approx 5 day) than the 64±1day luteal phases of a 65±1day pregnancy, a phase followed by an obligate anestrus before the next 2-3 week "heat" (proestrus-estrus). The resulting inter-estrus intervals of 5-12 months are variable among bitches, commonly 6-7 months, and range from highly variable to regular (to perhaps within±5-10 day of sequential 7 month cycle, for instance) within bitches, and across studies and do not vary significantly between pregnant and non-pregnant cycles. Hormone levels reported are those observed in this laboratory using previously reported assays and canine gonadotropin standards unless stated otherwise. Endocrine sequences for dog cycles are not unlike those of many other mammals, including selection of ovulatory follicles by increased LH pulsatility, the occurrence of estrus behavior and LH surge during a decline in the estrogen: progestin ratio, a pronounced preovulatory luteinization as in humans and rodents, and luteotrophic roles for both LH and prolactin. Non-pregnant bitches have a spontaneously prolonged luteal phase, often longer and with a more protracted decline in serum progesterone than in pregnancy as there is no uterine luteolytic mechanism. The obligate anestrus of 8-40 weeks is terminated by poorly understood interactions of environment (e.g. pheromones, possibly photoperiod) and a potential endogenous circannual cycle in sensitivities of hypothalamic dopaminergic, serotonergic and/or opioid pathways. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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            The ovarian cycle of the bitch: plasma estrogen, LH and progesterone.

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              Changes in LH, progesterone and sexual behavior associated with preovulatory luteinization in the bitch.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Reproduction in Domestic Animals
                Reprod Dom Anim
                Wiley
                09366768
                October 2018
                October 2018
                June 25 2018
                : 53
                : 5
                : 1136-1141
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Section of Reproduction, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Pretoria; Onderstepoort South Africa
                Article
                10.1111/rda.13216
                562c4f31-d3a1-4699-b83a-e8bd667eae4f
                © 2018

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

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