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      Protein Composition and Biomedical Potential of the Skin Secretion of Hylarana erythraea (Schlegel, 1837) (Anura: Ranidae) from Langkawi Archipelago, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia

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          Abstract

          The skin secretion of amphibians is known for its high content of bioactive compounds. These bioactive compounds are essential for the advancement of biomedical industries. Four wild green paddy frogs, Hylarana erythraea, were collected from various habitat types within the Langkawi Archipelago. These frogs’ skin secretions were collected, extracted, and analysed for their protein compounds together with biomedical potentials using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The total protein concentration of H. erythraea skin secretions was determined as 0.269 mg/mL. Based on the UniProt (Anura) database, we identified 29 proteins. These proteins were categorised as antimicrobial (AMP) (38%), followed by hormone (17%), enzyme (17%), unreviewed proteins (17%), structural proteins (7%), and regulatory proteins (4%). The AMPs identified were from the family of esculentin-1, esculentin-2, brevinin-1, and frenatin-4, while the hormones belonged to the cholecystokinin group. The enzymes detected were adenylate cyclase 9, the suppressor of tumorigenicity 14 protein homolog, and the HGF activator. The structural proteins belonged to toe pad keratin 2 and Krt5.7 proteins, while the single regulatory protein is CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 6-like. These proteins have a wide range of biomedical importance, such as wound healings, facilitate digestions, anti-tumours, and anti-cancer effect.

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          Ror2 signaling regulates Golgi structure and transport through IFT20 for tumor invasiveness

          Signaling through the Ror2 receptor tyrosine kinase promotes invadopodia formation for tumor invasion. Here, we identify intraflagellar transport 20 (IFT20) as a new target of this signaling in tumors that lack primary cilia, and find that IFT20 mediates the ability of Ror2 signaling to induce the invasiveness of these tumors. We also find that IFT20 regulates the nucleation of Golgi-derived microtubules by affecting the GM130-AKAP450 complex, which promotes Golgi ribbon formation in achieving polarized secretion for cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, IFT20 promotes the efficiency of transport through the Golgi complex. These findings shed new insights into how Ror2 signaling promotes tumor invasiveness, and also advance the understanding of how Golgi structure and transport can be regulated.
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            The NCBI BioSystems database

            The NCBI BioSystems database, found at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/biosystems/, centralizes and cross-links existing biological systems databases, increasing their utility and target audience by integrating their pathways and systems into NCBI resources. This integration allows users of NCBI’s Entrez databases to quickly categorize proteins, genes and small molecules by metabolic pathway, disease state or other BioSystem type, without requiring time-consuming inference of biological relationships from the literature or multiple experimental datasets.
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              The chemistry and biological activities of peptides from amphibian skin secretions.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                shahriza20@yahoo.com
                Journal
                Int J Pept Res Ther
                Int J Pept Res Ther
                International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics
                Springer Netherlands (Dordrecht )
                1573-3149
                1573-3904
                21 June 2021
                : 1-9
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.11875.3a, ISNI 0000 0001 2294 3534, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, , Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), ; 11800 Gelugor, Penang Malaysia
                [2 ]GRID grid.11875.3a, ISNI 0000 0001 2294 3534, Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, , Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), ; 11800 Gelugor, Penang Malaysia
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-6996
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5878-8190
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-115X
                Article
                10240
                10.1007/s10989-021-10240-w
                8215483
                56318f86-5cfc-4e73-936d-9cdc0201fa46
                © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2021

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                : 31 March 2021
                : 13 June 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004595, Universiti Sains Malaysia;
                Award ID: USM Research University Grant, 1001/PFARMASI/8011004
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002385, Ministry of Higher Education;
                Award ID: Fundamental Research Grant Scheme, 203.CABR.6711674
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003782, Institute of Postgraduate Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia;
                Award ID: USM Fellowship Scheme
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Article

                Biochemistry
                biomedical function,frog,lc–ms/ms,bioinformatics,protein profile,tropical
                Biochemistry
                biomedical function, frog, lc–ms/ms, bioinformatics, protein profile, tropical

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