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      Manejo de epistaxis en pacientes con terapia antitrombótica Translated title: Management of epistaxis in patients with anti-thrombotic therapy

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción y objetivo: la epistaxis es una de las urgencias otorrinolaringológicas más frecuentes. Una de sus causas son las alteraciones de la hemostasia provocadas por fármacos antitrombóticos. El objetivo del estudio es determinar si existen diferencias en el manejo de epistaxis entre pacientes con terapia antitrombótica y pacientes controles. Método: estudio observacional analítico retrospectivo de pacientes ingresados en el servicio de Otorrinolaringología de un hospital de tercer nivel, entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2016. Se han recogido características epidemiológicas, clínicas y terapéuticas de los pacientes a través de su historia clínica electrónica y se ha realizado análisis estadístico comparativo entre los pacientes con terapia antitrombótica y pacientes controles. Resultados: 85 pacientes analizados (74,1% varones) con una edad media al diagnóstico de 66,7 años. El 49,4% realizaban terapia antitrombótica. En todos los pacientes se realizó taponamiento anterior y en 16 pacientes, posterior. 37 pacientes precisaron cirugía endoscópica nasal. La embolización se realizó en cuatro pacientes. En el estudio estadístico comparativo no se han encontrado diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos en ninguna de las variables analizadas. Discusión y conclusiones: las indicaciones actuales de terapia antitrombótica son muy amplias y por ello es frecuente atender epistaxis en este tipo de pacientes. Aunque no está claramente demostrado que la terapia antitrombótica por sí sola se asocie con sangrados más graves, creemos que es fundamental realizar un manejo multidisciplinar de estos pacientes con el fin de conseguir un adecuado control del sangrado sin necesidad de recurrir a intervenciones más agresivas.

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY Introduction and objective: epistaxis is one of the most frequent otorhinolaryngological emergencies. One of its causes is alterations in hemostasis caused by anti-thrombotic therapy. The aim of the study is to determine if there are differences in the management of epistaxis between patients with anti-thrombotic therapy and control patients. Method: retrospective analytical observational study of patients admitted to the Otorhinolaryngology service of a tertiary hospital, between January 2010 and December 2016. Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of the patients have been collected through their electronic medical records and comparative statistical analysis was performed between patients with anti-thrombotic therapy and control patients. Results: a total of 85 patients (74.1% male) were analyzed. Mean age at diagnosis of 66.7 years. 49.4% were undergoing anti-thrombotic therapy. Anterior nasal packing was performed in all patients and posterior nasal packing in 16 patients. 37 patients required endoscopic nasal surgery. Embolization was performed in four patients. In the comparative statistical study, no statistically significant differences were found between both groups in any of the variables analyzed. Discussion and conclusions: the current indications for anti-thrombotic therapy are very broad and therefore it is common to treat epistaxis in this type of patient. Although it has not been clearly demonstrated that anti-thrombotic therapy alone is associated with more serious bleeding, we believe that multidisciplinary management of these patients is essential in order to achieve adequate control of bleeding without the need for more aggressive interventions.

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          Recent trends in epistaxis management in the United States: 2008-2010.

          The treatment of epistaxis is variable. It is important to analyze the effect of the available interventions on patient outcomes.
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            Management of intractable spontaneous epistaxis

            Background: Epistaxis is a common otolaryngology emergency and is often controlled with first-line interventions such as cautery, hemostatic agents, or anterior nasal packing. A subset of patients will continue to bleed and require more aggressive therapy. Methods: Intractable spontaneous epistaxis was traditionally managed with posterior nasal packing and prolonged hospital admission. In an effort to reduce patient morbidity and shorten hospital stay, surgical and endovascular techniques have gained popularity. A literature review was conducted. Results: Transnasal endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation and arterial embolization provide excellent control rates but the decision to choose one over the other can be challenging. The role of transnasal endoscopic anterior ethmoid artery ligation is unclear but may be considered in certain cases when bleeding localizes to the ethmoid region. Conclusion: This article will focus on the management of intractable spontaneous epistaxis and discuss the role of endoscopic arterial ligation and embolization as it pertains to this challenging clinical scenario.
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              An update on epistaxis.

              Epistaxis is one of the most common ear, nose and throat (ENT) emergencies to present to general practitioners (GPs). The management of epistaxis has evolved significantly in recent years, including the use of nasal cautery and packs. Successful treatment requires knowledge of nasal anatomy, and potential risks and complications of treatment.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                orl
                Revista ORL
                Rev. ORL
                Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca (Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain )
                2444-7986
                June 2021
                : 12
                : 2
                : 11-18
                Affiliations
                [1] Zamora orgnameSanidad de Castilla y León (SACYL) orgdiv1Complejo Asistencial de Zamora orgdiv2Servicio de Otorrinolaringología España
                [2] Santiago de Compostela orgnameServicio Gallego de salud (SERGAS) orgdiv1Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago orgdiv2Servicio de Otorrinolaringología España
                Article
                S2444-79862021000200002 S2444-7986(21)01200200002
                10.14201/orl.24097
                5637d1e2-e5c0-4470-a8be-ad12f6d19c22

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 September 2020
                : 30 October 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículo original

                taponamiento nasal,Epistaxis,anti-trhombotic therapy,anticoagulant,nasal packing,terapia antitrombótica,anticoagulante

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