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      Cystomastacoides van Achterberg (Braconidae, Rogadinae): first host record and descriptions of three new species from Thailand and Papua New Guinea

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      Journal: Journal of Hymenoptera Research
      Publisher: Pensoft Publishers

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          Abstract

          A new species of Cystomastacoides van Achterberg, C. asotaphaga Quicke sp. n., is described and illustrated based on a series of specimens reared from caterpillars of the erebid moth Asota plana Walker from Papua New Guinea. Two other new species without biological data are also described, C. nicolepeelerae Quicke & Butcher sp. n. also from Papua New Guinea, and C. kiddo Quicke & Butcher sp. n. from Thailand. A key is provided to the four known species. The new species extend the known range of the genus considerably, itpreviously been known only from a single species from mainland China (Yunnan), and additionally provides the first host record for the genus. Other related genera are parasitoids of Sphingidae, Lymantriidae and Crambidae.

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          Guild-specific patterns of species richness and host specialization in plant-herbivore food webs from a tropical forest.

          Rapo Pokon, Owen T Lewis, George Weiblen … (2010)
          1. The extent to which plant-herbivore feeding interactions are specialized is key to understand the processes maintaining the diversity of both tropical forest plants and their insect herbivores. However, studies documenting the full complexity of tropical plant-herbivore food webs are lacking. 2. We describe a complex, species-rich plant-herbivore food web for lowland rain forest in Papua New Guinea, resolving 6818 feeding links between 224 plant species and 1490 herbivore species drawn from 11 distinct feeding guilds. By standardizing sampling intensity and the phylogenetic diversity of focal plants, we are able to make the first rigorous and unbiased comparisons of specificity patterns across feeding guilds. 3. Specificity was highly variable among guilds, spanning almost the full range of theoretically possible values from extreme trophic generalization to monophagy. 4. We identify guilds of herbivores that are most likely to influence the composition of tropical forest vegetation through density-dependent herbivory or apparent competition. 5. We calculate that 251 herbivore species (48 of them unique) are associated with each rain forest tree species in our study site so that the ∼200 tree species coexisting in the lowland rain forest community are involved in ∼50,000 trophic interactions with ∼9600 herbivore species of insects. This is the first estimate of total herbivore and interaction number in a rain forest plant-herbivore food web. 6. A comprehensive classification of insect herbivores into 24 guilds is proposed, providing a framework for comparative analyses across ecosystems and geographical regions. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 British Ecological Society.
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            Systematics and evolution of the cutworm moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): evidence from two protein-coding nuclear genes

            Andrew Mitchell, Charles W. Mitter, Jerome Regier (2006)
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              Molecular detection of trophic links in a complex insect host-parasitoid food web.

              Norman Miller, D L Quicke, Matthew Smith-Banks … (2011)
              Previously, host-parasitoid links have been unveiled almost exclusively by time-intensive rearing, while molecular methods were used only in simple agricultural host-parasitoid systems in the form of species-specific primers. Here, we present a general method for the molecular detection of these links applied to a complex caterpillar-parasitoid food web from tropical rainforest of Papua New Guinea. We DNA barcoded hosts, parasitoids and their tissue remnants and matched the sequences to our extensive library of local species. We were thus able to match 87% of host sequences and 36% of parasitoid sequences to species and infer subfamily or family in almost all cases. Our analysis affirmed 93 hitherto unknown trophic links between 37 host species from a wide range of Lepidoptera families and 46 parasitoid species from Hymenoptera and Diptera by identifying DNA sequences for both the host and the parasitoid involved in the interaction. Molecular detection proved especially useful in cases where distinguishing host species in caterpillar stage was difficult morphologically, or when the caterpillar died during rearing. We have even detected a case of extreme parasitoid specialization in a pair of Choreutis species that do not differ in caterpillar morphology and ecology. Using the molecular approach outlined here leads to better understanding of parasitoid host specificity, opens new possibilities for rapid surveys of food web structure and allows inference of species associations not already anticipated. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Journal of Hymenoptera Research
                Abbreviated Title: JHR
                Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
                ISSN (Electronic): 1314-2607
                ISSN (Print): 1070-9428
                Publication date Created: March 19 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): March 19 2013
                Volume: 31
                Pages: 65-78
                Article
                DOI: 10.3897/jhr.31.3385
                SO-VID: 565e6bde-6c9a-4f40-96ed-d0d2d6d458b1
                Copyright © © 2013
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                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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