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      Education in East Asian Societies: Postwar Expansion and the Evolution of Inequality

      1 , 2 , 1 , 3
      Annual Review of Sociology
      Annual Reviews

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          Abstract

          This article reviews research on the coevolution of educational expansion and educational inequality within China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan in the post–World War II period. These societies are often lauded for their spectacular economic growth, widespread commitment to investing in education, and intense competition for academic success. This review first considers organizational sorting and horizontal stratification within the educational system, followed by returns to education in the labor market and then the inequality of educational opportunity, with special attention to the nominal versus positional approaches to measuring education. This combination of regional focus and substantive diversity offers the leverage of an approximately matched comparison. The findings demonstrate that there are significant heterogeneities in the coevolution of educational expansion and inequality among these societies with strong cultural and political ties. The findings also suggest complex causal and contingent relationships among educational expansion, educational stratification, returns to education, and inequality of opportunity.

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          Most cited references139

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          A new data set of educational attainment in the world, 1950–2010

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            Trends in U.S. Wage Inequality: Revising the Revisionists

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              Social and Economic Returns to College Education in the United States

              Education correlates strongly with most important social and economic outcomes such as economic success, health, family stability, and social connections. Theories of stratification and selection created doubts about whether education actually caused good things to happen. Because schools and colleges select who continues and who does not, it was easy to imagine that education added little of substance. Evidence now tips the balance away from bias and selection and in favor of substance. Investments in education pay off for individuals in many ways. The size of the direct effect of education varies among individuals and demographic groups. Education affects individuals and groups who are less likely to pursue a college education more than traditional college students. A smaller literature on social returns to education indicates that communities, states, and nations also benefit from increased education of their populations; some estimates imply that the social returns exceed the private returns.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Annual Review of Sociology
                Annu. Rev. Sociol.
                Annual Reviews
                0360-0572
                1545-2115
                July 30 2019
                July 30 2019
                : 45
                : 1
                : 625-647
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
                [2 ]Institute of Social Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
                [3 ]Department of Sociology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong;
                Article
                10.1146/annurev-soc-073018-022507
                5660f350-cd39-4392-ab46-69b827828fb7
                © 2019
                History

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