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      Enabling visibility of the clinician-scientists’ knowledge broker role: a participatory design research in the Dutch nursing-home sector

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          Abstract

          Background

          A group of clinician-scientists and managers working within a Dutch academic network, experienced difficulties in clearly defining the knowledge broker role of the clinician-scientists. They found no role clarity in literature, nor did they find tools or methods suitable for clinician-scientists. Clarifying role expectations and providing accountability for funding these knowledge broker positions was difficult. The aim of this research was to design a theory-informed tool that allowed clinician-scientists to make their knowledge broker role visible.

          Methods

          A participatory design research was conducted in three phases, over a 21-month period, with a design group consisting of an external independent researcher, clinician-scientists and their managers from within the academic network. Phase 1 constituted a literature review, a context analysis and a needs analysis. Phase 2 constituted the design and development of a suitable tool and phase 3 was an evaluation of the tool’s perceived usefulness. Throughout the research process, the researcher logged the theoretic basis for all design decisions.

          Results

          The clinician-scientist’s knowledge broker role is a knowledge-intensive role and work-tasks associated with this role are not automatically visible (phase 1). A tool (the SP-tool) was developed in Microsoft Excel. This allowed clinician-scientists to log their knowledge broker activities as distinct from their clinical work and research related activities (phase 2). The SP-tool contributed to the clinician-scientists’ ability to make their knowledge broker role visible to themselves and their stakeholders (phase 3). The theoretic contribution of the design research is a conceptual model of professionalisation of the clinician-scientist’s knowledge broker role. This model presents the relationship between work visibility and the clarification of functions of the knowledge broker role. In the professionalisation of knowledge-intensive work, visibility contributes to the definition of clinician-scientists broker functions, which is an element necessary for the professionalisation of an occupation.

          Conclusions

          The SP-tool that was developed in this research, contributes to creating work visibility of the clinician-scientists’ knowledge broker role. Further research using the SP-tool could establish a clearer description of the knowledge broker role at the day-to-day professional level and improved ability to support this role within organisations.

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          Most cited references20

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          Boundary Crossing and Boundary Objects

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            Framework analysis: a worked example of a study exploring young people’s experiences of depression

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              Exploring the function and effectiveness of knowledge brokers as facilitators of knowledge translation in health-related settings: a systematic review and thematic analysis

              Background Knowledge brokers (KBs) work collaboratively with key stakeholders to facilitate the transfer and exchange of information in a given context. Currently, there is a perceived lack of evidence about the effectiveness of knowledge brokering and the factors that influence its success as a knowledge translation (KT) mechanism. Thus, the goal of this review was to systematically gather evidence regarding the nature of knowledge brokering in health-related settings and determine if KBs effectively contributed to KT in these settings. Methods A systematic review was conducted using a search strategy designed by a health research librarian. Eight electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, Scopus, SocINDEX, and Health Business Elite) and relevant grey literature sources were searched using English language restrictions. Two reviewers independently screened the abstracts, reviewed full-text articles, extracted data, and performed quality assessments. Analysis included a confirmatory thematic approach. To be included, studies must have occurred in a health-related setting, reported on an actual application of knowledge brokering, and be available in English. Results In total, 7935 records were located. Following removal of duplicates, 6936 abstracts were screened and 240 full-text articles were reviewed. Ultimately, 29 articles, representing 22 unique studies, were included in the thematic analysis. Qualitative (n = 18), quantitative (n = 1), and mixed methods (n = 6) designs were represented in addition to grey literature sources (n = 4). Findings indicated that KBs performed a diverse range of tasks across multiple health-related settings; results supported the KB role as a ‘knowledge manager’, ‘linkage agent’, and ‘capacity builder’. Our systematic review explored outcome data from a subset of studies (n = 8) for evidence of changes in knowledge, skills, and policies or practices related to knowledge brokering. Two studies met standards for acceptable methodological rigour; thus, findings were inconclusive regarding KB effectiveness. Conclusions As knowledge managers, linkage agents, and capacity builders, KBs performed many and varied tasks to transfer and exchange information across health-related stakeholders, settings, and sectors. How effectively they fulfilled their role in facilitating KT processes is unclear; further rigourous research is required to answer this question and discern the potential impact of KBs on education, practice, and policy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13012-015-0351-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                margot.barry@han.nl
                Journal
                Health Res Policy Syst
                Health Res Policy Syst
                Health Research Policy and Systems
                BioMed Central (London )
                1478-4505
                7 April 2021
                7 April 2021
                2021
                : 19
                : 61
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Occupational Therapy at the HAN University of Applied Sciences, Kapittelweg 33, 6525EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
                [2 ]GRID grid.36120.36, ISNI 0000 0004 0501 5439, Faculty of Educational Science, , Open University, ; Heerlen, The Netherlands
                [3 ]GRID grid.450078.e, ISNI 0000 0000 8809 2093, Research Department of Public Affairs, , HAN University of Applied Sciences, ; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
                [4 ]GRID grid.10417.33, ISNI 0000 0004 0444 9382, Department of Research on Learning and Education, , Radboud University Medical Centre Health Academy, ; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
                [5 ]GRID grid.10417.33, ISNI 0000 0004 0444 9382, Department of Primary and Community Care, , Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, ; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
                [6 ]Faculty of Education at HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
                [7 ]GRID grid.10417.33, ISNI 0000 0004 0444 9382, Department of Primary and Community Care, , Radboud University Medical Centre, ; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9554-3726
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7009-3378
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4818-3382
                Article
                715
                10.1186/s12961-021-00715-z
                8025499
                568e8518-98c4-4233-8673-5395e1773f77
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                : 1 December 2020
                : 21 March 2021
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Health & Social care
                knowledge broker,clinician-scientist,design research
                Health & Social care
                knowledge broker, clinician-scientist, design research

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