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      Prevalencia de Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente en el personal de salud de un Hospital de Especialidades en Quito-Ecuador. Translated title: Prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in health personnel of a Specialty Hospital in Quito-Ecuador.

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          Abstract

          Resumen Se realizó una investigación transversal de nivel descriptivo con el objetivo de establecer la prevalencia de portadores nasales de Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente (SARM) en los trabajadores de salud de un Hospital de Especialidades en Quito. La muestra fue no probabilística por conveniencia con la participación de 191 personas de las áreas de Neonatología, Quirófanos, Cuidados Intensivos y Anexo de Traumatología, a los cuales se les realizó un cultivo bacteriológico de pruebas de hisopado nasal. Se aplicó una encuesta para caracterizar a los servidores de salud según su edad, sexo, el área donde trabajan y el cargo que desempeñan. Los resultados revelaron que el 95 % de los participantes presentaban Staphylococcus. El 12,5 % de la muestra portaban Estafilococo aureus meticilino resistente. Además, el servicio con mayor distribución de SARM fue Cuidados Intensivos con el 13,19 %. El personal con más casos de S. aureus meticilino resistente fue el de enfermería con 31 %. En conclusión, se determinó una baja prevalencia de portadores de SARM, sin embargo, se conoce que el portador nasal desempeña un papel transcendental en las infecciones causadas por Staphylococcus, puesto que la carencia de sintomatología podría originar un contagio directo.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract A descriptive cross-sectional investigation was carried out with the objective of establishing the prevalence of nasal carriers of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in health workers of a Specialty Hospital in Quito. The sample was non-probabilistic for convenience, with the participation of 191 people from the areas of Neonatology, Operating Rooms, Intensive Care and Traumatology Annex, who underwent a bacteriological culture of nasal swab tests. A survey was applied to characterize health workers according to their age, sex, the area where they work and the position they hold. The results revealed that 95% of the participants had Staphylococcus. 12.5% of the sample carried methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the service with the highest distribution of MRSA was Intensive Care with 13.19%. The staff with the most cases of methicillin-resistant S. aureus was the nursing staff with 31%. In conclusion, a low prevalence of MRSA carriers was determined; however, it is known that the nasal carrier plays a transcendental role in infections caused by Staphylococcus, since the lack of symptoms could cause direct contagion.

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          Health care-associated infections – an overview

          Health care-associated infections (HCAIs) are infections that occur while receiving health care, developed in a hospital or other health care facility that first appear 48 hours or more after hospital admission, or within 30 days after having received health care. Multiple studies indicate that the common types of adverse events affecting hospitalized patients are adverse drug events, HCAIs, and surgical complications. The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention identifies that nearly 1.7 million hospitalized patients annually acquire HCAIs while being treated for other health issues and that more than 98,000 patients (one in 17) die due to these. Several studies suggest that simple infection-control procedures such as cleaning hands with an alcohol-based hand rub can help prevent HCAIs and save lives, reduce morbidity, and minimize health care costs. Routine educational interventions for health care professionals can help change their hand-washing practices to prevent the spread of infection. In support of this, the WHO has produced guidelines to promote hand-washing practices among member countries.
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            How do bacteria resist human antimicrobial peptides?

            Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs), such as defensins, cathelicidins and thrombocidins, are an important human defense mechanism, protecting skin and epithelia against invading microorganisms and assisting neutrophils and platelets. Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica and other bacterial pathogens have evolved countermeasures to limit the effectiveness of CAMPs, including the repulsion of CAMPs by reducing the net negative charge of the bacterial cell envelope through covalent modification of anionic molecules (e.g. teichoic acids, phospholipids and lipid A); expelling CAMPs through energy-dependent pumps; altering membrane fluidity; and cleaving CAMPs with proteases. Mutants susceptible to CAMPs are more efficiently inactivated by phagocytes and are virulence-attenuated, indicating that CAMP resistance plays a key role in bacterial infections.
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              Estimating the disease burden of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Japan: Retrospective database study of Japanese hospitals

              Objectives The nationwide impact of antimicrobial-resistant infections on healthcare facilities throughout Japan has yet to be examined. This study aimed to estimate the disease burden of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in Japanese hospitals. Design Retrospective analysis of inpatients comparing outcomes between subjects with and without MRSA infection. Data source A nationwide administrative claims database. Setting 1133 acute care hospitals throughout Japan. Participants All surgical and non-surgical inpatients who were discharged between April 1, 2014 and March 31, 2015. Main outcome measures Disease burden was assessed using hospitalization costs, length of stay, and in-hospital mortality. Using a unique method of infection identification, we categorized patients into an anti-MRSA drug group and a control group based on anti-MRSA drug utilization. To estimate the burden of MRSA infections, we calculated the differences in outcome measures between these two groups. The estimates were extrapolated to all 1584 acute care hospitals in Japan that have adopted a prospective payment system. Results We categorized 93 838 patients into the anti-MRSA drug group and 2 181 827 patients into the control group. The mean hospitalization costs, length of stay, and in-hospital mortality of the anti-MRSA drug group were US$33 548, 75.7 days, and 22.9%, respectively; these values were 3.43, 2.95, and 3.66 times that of the control group, respectively. When extrapolated to the 1584 hospitals, the total incremental burden of MRSA was estimated to be US$2 billion (3.41% of total hospitalization costs), 4.34 million days (3.02% of total length of stay), and 14.3 thousand deaths (3.62% of total mortality). Conclusions This study quantified the approximate disease burden of MRSA infections in Japan. These findings can inform policymakers on the burden of antimicrobial-resistant infections and support the application of infection prevention programs.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rsan
                Revista San Gregorio
                Revista San Gregorio
                Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo (Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador )
                1390-7247
                2528-7907
                May 2021
                : 1
                : 45
                : 86-98
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameHospital Carlos Andrade Marín orgdiv1Banco de Sangre Ecuador stefy_vaca94@ 123456hotmail.com
                [2] Quito orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Ecuador smcp0893@ 123456gmail.com
                [3] Quito orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Ecuador samu.i@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                S2528-79072021000100086 S2528-7907(21)00104500086
                10.36097/rsan.v0i45.1515
                568f24c9-a268-4722-b1e7-d881ba511eff

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 February 2021
                : 22 October 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 13
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                prevalence,nosocomial infections,methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,Health personnel,Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina,prevalencia,personal de salud,Infecciones nosocomiales

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