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      Is Open Access

      Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in association with neurofibromatosis type 1: a case report and proposed molecular pathways

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      Clinical Kidney Journal
      Oxford University Press

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          Abstract

          Clin Kidney J 2013 6: 208-210. doi:10.1093/ckj/sft010 This article was published with the incorrect copyright information; the licence line should have appeared as: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. The author apologises for this error.

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          The neurofibromatosis type 1 gene encodes a protein related to GAP.

          cDNA walking and sequencing have extended the open reading frame for the neurofibromatosis type 1 gene (NF1). The new sequence now predicts 2485 amino acids of the NF1 peptide. A 360 residue region of the new peptide shows significant similarity to the known catalytic domains of both human and bovine GAP (GTPase activating protein). A much broader region, centered around this same 360 amino acid sequence, is strikingly similar to the yeast IRA1 product, which has a similar amino acid sequence and functional homology to mammalian GAP. This evidence suggests that NF1 encodes a cytoplasmic GAP-like protein that may be involved in the control of cell growth by interacting with proteins such as the RAS gene product. Mapping of the cDNA clones has confirmed that NF1 spans a t(1;17) translocation mutation and that three active genes lie within an intron of NF1, but in opposite orientation.
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            The GAP-related domain of the neurofibromatosis type 1 gene product interacts with ras p21.

            The neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) protein contains a region of significant sequence similarity to ras p21 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) and the yeast IRA1 gene product. A fragment of NF1 cDNA encoding the GAP-related domain (NF1 GRD) was expressed, immunoaffinity purified, and assayed for effects on N-ras p21 GTPase activity. The GTPase of wild-type ras p21 was stimulated by NF1 GRD, but oncogenic mutants of ras p21 (Asp-12 and Val-12) were unaffected, and the GTPase of an effector mutant (Ala-38) was only weakly stimulated. NF1 GRD also down-regulated RAS function in S. cerevisiae. The affinity of NF1 GRD for ras p21 was estimated to be 250 nM: this is more than 20-fold higher than the affinity of GAP for ras p21. However, its specific activity was about 30 times lower. These kinetic measurements suggest that NF1 may be a significant regulator of ras p21 activity, particularly at low ras p21 concentrations.
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              Targeted disruption of the neurofibromatosis type-1 gene leads to developmental abnormalities in heart and various neural crest-derived tissues.

              The neurofibromatosis (NF1) gene shows significant homology to mammalian GAP and is an important regulator of the ras signal transduction pathway. To study the function of NF1 in normal development and to try and develop a mouse model of NF1 disease, we have used gene targeting in ES cells to generate mice carrying a null mutation at the mouse Nf1 locus. Although heterozygous mutant mice, aged up to 10 months, likely attributable to a severe malformation of the heart. Interestingly, mutant embryos also display hyperplasia of neural crest-derived sympathetic ganglia. These results identify new roles for NF1 in development and indicate that some of the abnormal growth phenomena observed in NF1 patients can be recapitulated in neurofibromin-deficient mice.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Clin Kidney J
                Clin Kidney J
                ckj
                ndtplus
                Clinical Kidney Journal
                Oxford University Press
                2048-8505
                2048-8513
                June 2013
                June 2013
                : 6
                : 3
                : 364
                Article
                sft059
                10.1093/ckj/sft059
                4400495
                56981417-9bbf-47eb-9bc9-9d0476af0011
                © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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                Educational Papers
                Errata

                Nephrology
                Nephrology

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