Effect of PHRs and PCPs on Microalgal Growth, Metabolism and Microalgae-Based Bioremediation Processes: A Review

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Abstract

In this review, the effect of pharmaceuticals (PHRs) and personal care products (PCPs) on microalgal growth and metabolism is reported. Concentrations of various PHRs and PCPs that cause inhibition and toxicity to growths of different microalgal strains are summarized and compared. The effect of PHRs and PCPs on microalgal metabolism (oxidative stress, enzyme activity, pigments, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, toxins), as well as on the cellular morphology, is discussed. Literature data concerning the removal of PHRs and PCPs from wastewaters by living microalgal cultures, with the emphasis on microalgal growth, are gathered and discussed. The potential of simultaneously bioremediating PHRs/PCPs-containing wastewaters and cultivating microalgae for biomass production in a single process is considered. In the light of reviewed data, the feasibility of post-bioremediation microalgal biomass is discussed in terms of its contamination, biosafety and further usage for production of value-added biomolecules (pigments, lipids, proteins) and biomass as a whole.

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Beta-lactam antibiotics induce a lethal malfunctioning of the bacterial cell wall synthesis machinery.

Hongbaek Cho, Tsuyoshi Uehara, Thomas G. Bernhardt (2014)

Penicillin and related beta-lactams comprise one of our oldest and most widely used antibiotic therapies. These drugs have long been known to target enzymes called penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) that build the bacterial cell wall. Investigating the downstream consequences of target inhibition and how they contribute to the lethal action of these important drugs, we demonstrate that beta-lactams do more than just inhibit the PBPs as is commonly believed. Rather, they induce a toxic malfunctioning of their target biosynthetic machinery involving a futile cycle of cell wall synthesis and degradation, thereby depleting cellular resources and bolstering their killing activity. Characterization of this mode of action additionally revealed a quality control function for enzymes that cleave bonds in the cell wall matrix. The results thus provide insight into the mechanism of cell wall assembly and suggest how best to interfere with the process for future antibiotic development.

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Trends in Microalgae Incorporation Into Innovative Food Products With Potential Health Benefits

Martín P. Caporgno, Alexander Mathys (2018)

Microalgae have demonstrated potential to meet the population's need for a more sustainable food supply, specifically with respect to protein demand. These promising protein sources present several advantages over other currently used raw materials from an environmental point of view. Additionally, one of the main characteristics of microalgae is the production of bioactive compounds with potential benefits for human health. Microalgae exploitation as a source of protein (bulk protein) and other valuable products within the food industry still presents some drawbacks, mainly because of the underdeveloped technologies and processes currently available for microalgae processing. The systematic improvement of the technology readiness level (TRL) could help change the current situation if applied to microalgae cultivation and processing. High maturity in microalgae cultivation and processing technologies also requires improvement of the economy of scale and investment of resources in new facilities and research. Antioxidative, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory, anticancerogenic, hepato-protective, and anticoagulant activities have been attributed to some microalgae-derived compounds such as peptides. Nevertheless, research on this topic is scarce and the evidence on potential health benefits is not strong. In the last years, the possibility of using microalgae-derived compounds for innovative functional food products has become of great interest, but the literature available mainly focuses more on the addition of the whole cells or some compound already available on the market. This review describes the status of utilising microalgae as an ingredient in innovative food products with potential health benefits.

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Occurrence, partition and removal of pharmaceuticals in sewage water and sludge during wastewater treatment.

Aleksandra Jelic, Meritxell Gros, Francesc Ventura … (2010)

During 8 sampling campaigns carried out over a period of two years, 72 samples, including influent and effluent wastewater, and sludge samples from three conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), were analyzed to assess the occurrence and fate of 43 pharmaceutical compounds. The selected pharmaceuticals belong to different therapeutic classes, i.e. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, lipid modifying agents (fibrates and statins), psychiatric drugs (benzodiazepine derivative drugs and antiepileptics), histamine H2-receptor antagonists, antibacterials for systemic use, beta blocking agents, beta-agonists, diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and anti-diabetics. The obtained results showed the presence of 32 target compounds in wastewater influent and 29 in effluent, in concentrations ranging from low ng/L to a few μg/L (e.g. NSAIDs). The analysis of sludge samples showed that 21 pharmaceuticals accumulated in sewage sludge from all three WWTPs in concentrations up to 100 ng/g. This indicates that even good removal rates obtained in aqueous phase (i.e. comparison of influent and effluent wastewater concentrations) do not imply degradation to the same extent. For this reason, the overall removal was estimated as a sum of all the losses of a parent compound produces by different mechanisms of chemical and physical transformation, biodegradation and sorption to solid matter. The target compounds showed very different removal rates and no logical pattern in behaviour even if they belong to the same therapeutic groups. What is clear is that the elimination of most of the substances is incomplete and improvements of the wastewater treatment and subsequent treatments of the produced sludge are required to prevent the introduction of these micro-pollutants in the environment. Copyright Â© 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms

Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067

Publication date (Electronic): 20 May 2019

Publication date Collection: May 2019

Volume: 20

Issue: 10

Electronic Location Identifier: 2492

Affiliations

Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland; beata.brozek-pluska@ 123456p.lodz.pl

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[* ]Correspondence: kmiazek@ 123456mitr.p.lodz.pl ; Tel.: +48-42-631-31-65

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Publisher ID: ijms-20-02492

DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102492

PMC ID: 6567089

PubMed ID: 31137560

SO-VID: 56a17c9d-1363-4f5b-bbd8-0fc4a3b93f5f

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Effect of PHRs and PCPs on Microalgal Growth, Metabolism and Microalgae-Based Bioremediation Processes: A Review

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Most cited references 297

Beta-lactam antibiotics induce a lethal malfunctioning of the bacterial cell wall synthesis machinery.

Trends in Microalgae Incorporation Into Innovative Food Products With Potential Health Benefits

Occurrence, partition and removal of pharmaceuticals in sewage water and sludge during wastewater treatment.

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