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      Uso da técnica de Southern Blot/Hibridização associada à reação em cadeia da polimerase para aumentar a sensibilidade no diagnóstico das infecções por hemoplasmas em gatos domésticos: Use of Southern Blot/Hybridization technique associated to polymerase chain reaction to improve the sensitivity in the diagnosis of hemoplasma infections in domestic cats

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          Abstract

          O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se a técnica de Southern Blot/Hibridização (SB) em associação à reação de polimerização em cadeia (PCR) aumenta a sensibilidade na detecção de DNA de hemoplasmas em gatos domésticos (Felis catus). O sangue total foi coletado em tubos contendo o anticoagulante ácido etilenodiamino tetra-acético, o DNA extraído a partir de 149 animais e a PCR realizada com o uso de sequências iniciadoras espécie-específicas, para amplificar subunidade 16S do RNA ribossomal de Mycoplasma haemofelis e 'Candidatus M. haemominutum' dessas amostras. Para a hibridização, foram utilizadas sondas específicas quimicamente marcadas, e os resultados visualizados por meio da adição de substrato quimiluminescente seguida de autoradiografia. Dezoito (12,1%) das 149 amostras testadas apresentaram resultado PCR-positivo para o DNA de hemoplasmas. A técnica de SB mostrou que 24/149 (16,1%) amostras apresentaram resultado positivo para hemoplasmas, confirmando os 18 resultados PCR-positivos, além de revelar seis outros adicionais (p < 0,001). O método de SB com sondas específicas mostrou-se mais sensível do que a PCR realizada isoladamente, sendo complementar para o diagnóstico das infecções causadas pelos hemoplasmas felinos.

          Translated abstract

          The aim of this study was to determine whether Southern Blot/Hybridization (SB) associated to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) improves the sensitivity in the detection of hemoplasma DNA in domestic cats (Felis catus). Whole blood was collected in tubes containing the anticoagulant ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid and DNA extracted from 149 animals. PCR was performed using species specific primers to amplify the 16S ribosomal RNA subunit of Mycoplasma haemofelis and 'Candidatus M. haemominutum' from these samples. Hybridization was performed using a 16S rDNA probes chemically labeled and the results were visualized using a chemiluminescent substrate addition followed by autoradiography. Eighteen (12.1%) of the 149 tested samples had a positive PCR result for hemoplasma species DNA. SB/hybridization technique showed that 24/149 (16.1%) samples were positive for hemoplasmas, confirming the 18 PCR-positive results and reveling six additional positive animals (p < 0.001). SB/hybridization method with specific probes was more sensitive than PCR performed alone, being complimentary to this technique to diagnose infections caused by feline hemoplasmas.

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          From Haemobartonella to hemoplasma: molecular methods provide new insights.

          Hemotropic mycoplasmas (aka hemoplasmas) are the causative agents of infectious anemia in numerous mammalian species. Originally known as Haemobartonella and Eperythrozoon species, these organisms have been reclassified within the genus Mycoplasma. The development of new molecular assays has expanded our knowledge of this heterogeneous group of agents and allowed us to study their epidemiology and pathogenesis. The present review summarizes recently gained insights into feline hemotropic mycoplasmas, formerly known as Haemobartonella felis. Besides the two initially identified feline hemoplasma species, Mycoplasma haemofelis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum, we discovered a third novel hemoplasma in a Swiss pet cat; preliminary results suggest that the pathogenic potential of the latter agent depends on cofactors. In applying PCR-based assays, feline hemoplasma infections have been documented in domestic cats and wild felids worldwide. Differences between the three hemoplasmas in regard to response to antibiotic treatment and establishment of a carrier status have been reported. Additionally, besides an ostensible vector-borne transmission, direct transmission by aggressive interaction of cats or interspecies transmission might play a role in the epidemiology of these organisms. Based on a potential vector-borne and interspecies transmission, a zoonotic potential of hemoplasmas should be further investigated.
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            Western immunoblot analysis of the antigens of Haemobartonella felis with sera from experimentally infected cats.

            Cats were experimentally infected with a Florida isolate of Haemobartonella felis in order to collect organisms and evaluate the immune response to H. felis. Cryopreserved organisms were thawed and injected intravenously into nonsplenectomized and splenectomized cats. Splenectomized animals were given 10 mg of methylprednisolone per ml at the time of inoculation. Blood films were evaluated daily for 1 week prior to infection and for up to 60 days postinfection (p. i.). Blood for H. felis purification was repeatedly collected from splenectomized animals at periods of peak parasitemias. Organisms were purified from infected blood by differential centrifugation, separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes for immunoblot analysis. Serum was collected from nonsplenectomized animals prior to and for up to 60 days p.i. and was used on immunoblots to identify antigens. The combination of splenectomy and corticosteroid treatment resulted in marked, cyclic parasitemias without concurrent severe anemia, providing an opportunity to harvest organisms in a manner that was not lethal to the animals. Several antigens (150, 52, 47, 45, and 14 kDa) were identified. An antigen with a molecular mass of approximately 14 kDa appeared to be one of the most immunodominant and was consistently recognized by immune sera collected at various times during the course of infection. These data suggest that one or more of these antigens might be useful for the serologic diagnosis of H. felis infections in cats.
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              Author and article information

              Contributors
              Role: ND
              Role: ND
              Role: ND
              Role: ND
              Role: ND
              Journal
              rbpv
              Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária
              Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.
              Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária (Jaboticabal )
              1984-2961
              December 2009
              : 18
              : suppl 1
              : 1-6
              Affiliations
              [1 ] Universidade Federal Fluminense Brazil
              [2 ] Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
              [3 ] Clínica Veterinária Gatos & Gatos
              [4 ] Purdue University
              Article
              S1984-29612009000500001
              10.4322/rbpv.018e1001
              56a7db2f-bcd5-48af-a093-c19c0a6cc830

              http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

              History
              Product

              SciELO Brazil

              Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1984-2961&lng=en
              Categories
              PARASITOLOGY
              VETERINARY SCIENCES

              Parasitology,General veterinary medicine
              Molecular diagnosis,Felis catus,Mycoplasma spp,Diagnóstico molecular

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