16
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Advances in the Knowledge about Kidney Decellularization and Repopulation

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is characterized by the progressive deterioration of renal function that may compromise different tissues and organs. The major treatment indicated for patients with ESRD is kidney transplantation. However, the shortage of available organs, as well as the high rate of organ rejection, supports the need for new therapies. Thus, the implementation of tissue bioengineering to organ regeneration has emerged as an alternative to traditional organ transplantation. Decellularization of organs with chemical, physical, and/or biological agents generates natural scaffolds, which can serve as basis for tissue reconstruction. The recellularization of these scaffolds with different cell sources, such as stem cells or adult differentiated cells, can provide an organ with functionality and no immune response after in vivo transplantation on the host. Several studies have focused on improving these techniques, but until now, there is no optimal decellularization method for the kidney available yet. Herein, an overview of the current literature for kidney decellularization and whole-organ recellularization is presented, addressing the pros and cons of the actual techniques already developed, the methods adopted to evaluate the efficacy of the procedures, and the challenges to be overcome in order to achieve an optimal protocol.

          Related collections

          Most cited references191

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          PCNA, the maestro of the replication fork.

          Inheritance requires genome duplication, reproduction of chromatin and its epigenetic information, mechanisms to ensure genome integrity, and faithful transmission of the information to progeny. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-a cofactor of DNA polymerases that encircles DNA-orchestrates several of these functions by recruiting crucial players to the replication fork. Remarkably, many factors that are involved in replication-linked processes interact with a particular face of PCNA and through the same interaction domain, indicating that these interactions do not occur simultaneously during replication. Switching of PCNA partners may be triggered by affinity-driven competition, phosphorylation, proteolysis, and modification of PCNA by ubiquitin and SUMO.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Decellularization of tissues and organs.

            Decellularized tissues and organs have been successfully used in a variety of tissue engineering/regenerative medicine applications, and the decellularization methods used vary as widely as the tissues and organs of interest. The efficiency of cell removal from a tissue is dependent on the origin of the tissue and the specific physical, chemical, and enzymatic methods that are used. Each of these treatments affect the biochemical composition, tissue ultrastructure, and mechanical behavior of the remaining extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold, which in turn, affect the host response to the material. Herein, the most commonly used decellularization methods are described, and consideration give to the effects of these methods upon the biologic scaffold material.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Redefining the in vivo origin of metanephric nephron progenitors enables generation of complex kidney structures from pluripotent stem cells.

              Recapitulating three-dimensional (3D) structures of complex organs, such as the kidney, from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is a major challenge. Here, we define the developmental origins of the metanephric mesenchyme (MM), which generates most kidney components. Unexpectedly, we find that posteriorly located T(+) MM precursors are developmentally distinct from Osr1(+) ureteric bud progenitors during the postgastrulation stage, and we identify phasic Wnt stimulation and stage-specific growth factor addition as molecular cues that promote their development into the MM. We then use this information to derive MM from PSCs. These progenitors reconstitute the 3D structures of the kidney in vitro, including glomeruli with podocytes and renal tubules with proximal and distal regions and clear lumina. Furthermore, the glomeruli are efficiently vascularized upon transplantation. Thus, by reevaluating the developmental origins of metanephric progenitors, we have provided key insights into kidney specification in vivo and taken important steps toward kidney organogenesis in vitro. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                URI : http://frontiersin.org/people/u/419733
                URI : http://frontiersin.org/people/u/420405
                URI : http://frontiersin.org/people/u/407321
                Journal
                Front Bioeng Biotechnol
                Front Bioeng Biotechnol
                Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.
                Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                2296-4185
                01 June 2017
                2017
                : 5
                : 34
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Tissue Engineering Core—LUCCAR, Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES) , Vitória, Brazil
                [2] 2Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES) , Vitória, Brazil
                [3] 3Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology/RENORBIO , Vitória, Brazil
                Author notes

                Edited by: Paul De Vos, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands

                Reviewed by: Martin (Marco) Harmsen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands; Emilio Isaac Alarcon, University of Ottawa, Canada

                *Correspondence: Breno Valentim Nogueira, brenovalentim@ 123456gmail.com

                These authors have contributed equally to this work.

                Specialty section: This article was submitted to Biomaterials, a section of the journal Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

                Article
                10.3389/fbioe.2017.00034
                5451511
                28620603
                56c64a4e-53c8-419a-a161-bda2bac8fb91
                Copyright © 2017 Destefani, Sirtoli and Nogueira.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 18 January 2017
                : 03 May 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 228, Pages: 28, Words: 18622
                Funding
                Funded by: Fundação Estadual de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Espírito Santo 10.13039/501100006182
                Award ID: 0606/2015, 0832/2015
                Categories
                Bioengineering and Biotechnology
                Review

                kidney transplantation,bioengineering,decellularization,regenerative medicine,stem cell

                Comments

                Comment on this article