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      La adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: diabetes, hipertensión y obesidad Translated title: Therapeutic adherence in patients with chronic non-communicable diseases: diabetes, hypertension and obesity

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          Abstract

          Resumen Antecedentes. Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, en particular la diabetes, hipertensión y obesidad son enfermedades cuya prevalencia a nivel mundial, y también en México, ha tomado dimensiones de pandemia, ya que, pese a los diferentes modelos clínicos de atención aplicados, los cuales se basan principalmente en tratamientos nutricionales, farmacológicos y recomendaciones de cambio de estilo de vida, la prevalencia continúa creciendo. Identificar las barreras de los pacientes y del sistema de salud que afectan la adherencia terapéutica para el control de la enfermedad permitirá desarrollar modelos con mayor efectividad y eficacia. Objetivo. Realizar una revisión sobre las barreras de la adherencia terapéutica de pacientes con diabetes, hipertensión y obesidad en clínicas de atención de primer nivel. Método. Revisión bibliográfica, con búsquedas en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS) y Google Scholar. Se revisaron fuentes primarias de tres tipos: revisiones sistemáticas, ensayos clínicos y artículos de revisión. Para la estrategia de búsqueda se utilizaron estos términos: adherencia terapéutica, barreras de la adherencia terapéutica, enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, diabetes, obesidad, hipertensión. El periodo seleccionado para la revisión bibliográfica es el comprendido entre el 2005 y el 2020. Resultados. Para el cumplimiento de la adherencia terapéutica existen diferentes barreras que no permiten el control de la enfermedad. Estas barreras pueden ser propias del paciente, pero también propias del sistema de salud que otorga el servicio, enfatizando el papel de los médicos para educar y orientar al paciente con respecto a su enfermedad y coadyuvar a su adherencia. Para identificar estas barreras existen diferentes instrumentos, los cuales han sido diseñados para diferentes enfermedades, por lo que para seleccionar el adecuado se debe considerar la enfermedad y el perfil de la población en la que se aplicará el cuestionario.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background. Chronic non-communicable diseases, particularly diabetes, hypertension and obesity, are diseases whose prevalence worldwide and in Mexico have taken on pandemic dimensions, since, despite the different clinical models of care applied, which are mainly based on nutritional and pharmacological treatments and lifestyle change recommendations, prevalence continues to grow. Identifying patient and health system barriers that affect therapeutic adherence for disease control will allow the development the development of programs with greater effectiveness and efficiency. Objective: To carry out a review on the barriers of Therapeutic Adherence of patients with diabetes, hypertension and obesity in first level care clinics. Method: Bibliographic review, searching the PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, Virtual Health Library (VHL) and Google Scholar databases. Three types of primary sources were reviewed: systematic reviews, clinical trials, and review articles. For the search strategy, the terms Therapeutic adherence, barriers to therapeutic adherence, chronic non-communicable diseases, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension were used. The period selected for the bibliographic review is from 2005 to 2020. Results: There are different barriers to compliance with therapeutic adherence that do not allow the control of the disease. These barriers may be specific to the patient, but also specific to the health system that provides the service, emphasizing the role of physicians in educating and guiding the patient regarding their disease and helping to adhere to it. To identify these barriers, there are different instruments, which have been designed for different diseases, so to select the appropriate one, the disease and the profile of the population in which the questionnaire will be applied must be considered.

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          Most cited references47

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          Barriers to diabetes management: patient and provider factors.

          Despite significant advances in diagnosis and treatment, the persistence of inadequate metabolic control continues. Poor glycemic control may be reflected by both the failure of diabetes self-management by patients as well as inadequate intervention strategies by clinicians. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize existing knowledge regarding various barriers of diabetes management from the perspectives of both patients and clinicians. A search of PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, and PsycINFO identified 1454 articles in English published between 1990 and 2009, addressing type 2 diabetes, patient's barriers, clinician's barriers, and self-management. Patients' adherence, attitude, beliefs, and knowledge about diabetes may affect diabetes self-management. Culture and language capabilities influence the patient's health beliefs, attitudes, health literacy, thereby affecting diabetes self-management. Other influential factors include the patient's financial resources, co-morbidities, and social support. Clinician's attitude, beliefs and knowledge about diabetes also influence diabetes management. Clinicians may further influence the patient's perception through effective communication skills and by having a well-integrated health care system. Identifying barriers to diabetes management is necessary to improve the quality of diabetes care, including the improvement of metabolic control, and diabetes self-management. Further research that considers these barriers is necessary for developing interventions for individuals with type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Determinants of adherence to lifestyle intervention in adults with obesity: a systematic review.

            Lifestyle intervention programmes are efficacious in the management of obesity but often report poor attendance and adherence rates that hinder treatment effectiveness and health outcomes. The aim of this systematic review is to identify (i) barriers to behaviour change and (ii) predictors of adherence to lifestyle intervention programmes in adults with obesity. Studies were identified by systematically reviewing the literature within Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science from inception to August 2016. Barriers to behaviour change include poor motivation; environmental, societal and social pressures; lack of time; health and physical limitations; negative thoughts/moods; socioeconomic constraints; gaps in knowledge/awareness; and lack of enjoyment of exercise. The most prominent predictors of adherence include early weight loss success, lower baseline body mass index (BMI), better baseline mood, being male and older age. The findings within this review provide novel insight to clinicians working in obesity and have important implications for lifestyle intervention programme design. Barriers to behaviour change need to be addressed early in treatment, with lifestyle intervention individualized accordingly. Predictors of adherence should also be taken into careful consideration, with negative moods and unrealistic weight loss expectations discussed at the outset. If adherence is improved, treatment effectiveness, health outcomes and the ultimate burden of chronic diseases could also be improved.
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              The Medication Adherence Report Scale: A measurement tool for eliciting patients' reports of nonadherence

              Aims This study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of a questionnaire measure of patients' adherence to medications to elicit patients' report of medication use in a variety of clinical samples. The reliability and validity were assessed in patients with hypertension. Additional analyses were performed on other patient groups. Methods Using a cross‐sectional study design, a 10‐item version of the Medication Adherence Report Scale (©Professor Rob Horne) was piloted in two samples of patients receiving treatment for hypertension (n = 50 + 178), asthma (n = 100) or diabetes (n = 100) at hospital outpatient or community clinics in London and the south‐east of England. Following principal components analysis, five items were retained to form MARS‐5 (©Professor Rob Horne). Evaluation comprised internal reliability, test‐retest reliability, criterion‐related validity (relationship with blood pressure control) and construct validity (relationship with patients' beliefs about medicines). Results The MARS‐5 demonstrated acceptable reliability (internal and test‐retest) and validity (criterion‐related and construct validity) in these patient groups. Internal reliability (Cronbach's α) ranged from 0.67 to 0.89 across all patient groups; test‐retest reliability (Pearson's r) was 0.97 in hypertension. Criterion‐related validity was established with more adherent hypertension patients showing better blood‐pressure control (χ2 = 4.24, df = 1, P < .05). Construct validity with beliefs about medicines was demonstrated with higher adherence associated with stronger beliefs in treatment necessity and lower treatment concerns. Conclusions The MARS‐5 performed well on several psychometric indicators in this study. It shows promise as an effective self‐report tool for measuring patients' reports of their medication use across a range of health conditions.

                Author and article information

                Journal
                mye
                Medicina y ética
                Med. ética
                Universidad Anáhuac México, Facultad de Bioética (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                0188-5022
                2594-2166
                December 2021
                : 32
                : 4
                : 897-945
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Facultad de Contaduría y Administración Mexico rtha.mend.rey@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S2594-21662021000400897 S2594-2166(21)03200400897
                10.36105/mye.2021v32n4.01
                56c64def-fc23-4729-b4df-b6c7d0adfd32

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 May 2021
                : 20 June 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 47, Pages: 49
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos

                obesity,diabetes,chronic diseases,Barriers to adherence,hipertensión,obesidad,enfermedades crónicas,barreras de la adherencia terapéutica,hypertension

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