We present new data on Cherenkov light observations obtained during the period 1994-2009, after a modernization of the Yakutsk EAS array. A complex analysis of \(\xmax\) and its fluctuations \(\sigma(\xmax)\) was performed over a wide energy range. With the new data, according to QGSJet II model, an estimation was made of the cosmic ray mass composition for \(\E \sim 10^{17} - 3 \times 10^{19}\) eV. The result points towards a mixed composition with a large portion of heavy nuclei at \(\E \sim 10^{17}\) eV and the dominance of light nuclei at \(\E \sim 10^{19}\) eV. The analysis of \(\sigma(\xmax)\) energy dependence for the same energies qualitatively confirms this result. The shape of the \(\xmax\) distribution at fixed energy \(10^{18}\) eV is analysed to make more precise conclusions on cosmic ray mass composition.