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      O controle do tabagismo no Brasil: avanços e desafios Translated title: Tobacco control in Brazil: advances and challenges

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          Abstract

          Embora a ciência tenha demonstrado de forma inequívoca os graves prejuízos decorrentes do consumo do tabaco, seu uso continua a aumentar globalmente, à custa do crescimento do consumo em países em desenvolvimento. A ausência de medidas abrangentes para controle do tabagismo nesses países torna-os vulneráveis às agressivas estratégias de marketing das grandes companhias transnacionais de tabaco. Mesmo sendo o segundo maior produtor mundial de tabaco e o maior exportador de tabaco em folhas, o Brasil tem conseguido escapar dessa tendência. Há cerca de 15 anos, o Ministério da Saúde, por meio do Instituto Nacional de Câncer, vem articulando, nacionalmente, ações de natureza intersetorial e de abrangência nacional, junto a outros setores do governo, com a parceria das secretarias estaduais e municipais de Saúde e de vários setores da sociedade civil organizada. Nesse trabalho procurou-se descrever a lógica do programa e analisar alguns dos avanços alcançados e alguns dos desafios ainda existentes no âmbito do controle do tabagismo no Brasil. E principalmente, procurou-se evidenciar a importância de diferentes medidas intersetoriais para controlar as várias determinantes sociais e econômicas da expansão do consumo de tabaco, com destaque para as estratégias das grandes companhias de tabaco no Brasil, que a cada dia tornam-se mais agressivas e sofisticadas em resposta aos evidentes efeitos do Programa Nacional de Controle do Tabagismo na redução do consumo.

          Translated abstract

          Though science has unequivocally demonstrated the devastating effects of tobacco consumption, it has been increasing mainly in developing countries. The lack of comprehensive measures for tobacco control in these countries makes them vulnerable to the aggressive marketing strategies of large transnational tobacco companies. Despite being the second greatest producer of tobacco in the world and the leader in exports of raw tobacco leaves, Brazil has escaped from the frightening trend of increasing tobacco consumption seen in developing countries. For the last 15 years, the Ministry of Health - trough its Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA) - has been articulating intersectorial and nationwide actions by joining and mobilizing other governmental sectors, with the partnership of State and Municipalities Health Offices and several sectors of organized civil society. In this report we aimed at describing the program rationale and at analyzing some advances and some of the challenges for tobacco still existing control in Brazil. And mainly, we tried to highlight the importance of different intersetorial measures to control the many social and economic determinants of tobacco consumption - with special attention to the strategies of the large tobacco companies in Brazil, which have become more aggressive and sophisticated in response to the positive effects of National Tobacco Control Program in reducing tobacco consumption in Brazil.

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          Most cited references43

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          Curbing the Epidemic: Governments and the economics of tobacco control

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            Trends and affordability of cigarette prices: ample room for tax increases and related health gains.

            Increasing the price of tobacco products is arguably the most effective method of curbing the prevalence and consumption of tobacco products. Price increases would reduce the global burden of disease brought about by tobacco consumption. To compare cigarette price data from more than 80 countries using varying methods, examine trends in prices and affordability during the 1990s, and explore various policy implications pertaining to tobacco prices. March 2001 cigarette price data from the Economist Intelligence Unit are used to compare cigarette prices across countries. To facilitate comparison and to assess affordability, prices are presented in US dollars, purchasing power parity (PPP) units using the Big Mac index as an indicator of PPP and in terms of minutes of labour required to purchase a pack of cigarettes. Annual real percentage changes in cigarette prices between 1990 and 2000 and annual changes in the minutes of labour required to buy cigarettes between 1991 and 2000 are also calculated to examine trends. Cigarette prices tend to be higher in wealthier countries and in countries that have strong tobacco control programmes. On the other hand, minutes of labour required to purchase cigarettes vary vastly between countries. Trends between 1990 and 2000 in real prices and minutes of labour indicate, with some exceptions, that cigarettes have become more expensive in most developed countries but more affordable in many developing countries. However, in the UK, despite recent increases in price, cigarettes are still more affordable than they were in the 1960s. The results suggest that there is ample room to increase tobacco prices through taxation. In too many countries, cigarette prices have failed to keep up with increases in the general price level of goods and services, rendering them more affordable in 2000 than they were at the beginning of the decade. Opportunities to increase government revenue and improve health through reduced consumption brought about by higher prices have been overlooked in many countries.
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              Health in the Americas

              (2007)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rpc
                Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo)
                Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (São Paulo)
                Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo )
                1806-938X
                October 2005
                : 32
                : 5
                : 283-300
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto Nacional de Câncer Brazil
                Article
                S0101-60832005000500006
                10.1590/S0101-60832005000500006
                570ca3f6-81f9-42d5-943d-6c66cc2c8c7f

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0101-6083&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
                PSYCHIATRY

                Internal medicine,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Tobacco control,tobacco dependence,tobacco,cigarrettes,Framework Convention on Tobacco Control,Controle do tabagismo,tabaco,tabagismo,cigarro,Convenção Quadro para Controle do Tabaco

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