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      Potential mental and physical benefits of supplementation with a high-dose, B-complex multivitamin/mineral supplement: what is the evidence? Translated title: Posibles beneficios mentales y físicos de la suplementación con un preparado multivitamínico/mineral del complejo B en dosis altas: ¿qué evidencia hay?

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          Abstract

          Abstract Objective: to perform a systematic literature review to examine the effects of high-dose, B-complex multivitamin/mineral supplementation on physical, mental, and energy outcomes in healthy and ‘at-risk' (suboptimal nutritional status/subclinical symptoms at baseline) adult populations. Methods: PubMed was searched for relevant randomized controlled trials until January 2020. Results: overall, 136 publications were identified. In the seven randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies considered eligible for inclusion, supplementation in healthy populations predominantly showed improvements in perceived stress, physical stamina, concentration, and general mental health, and significant reductions in anxiety and improvements in self-reported vigour. However, not all of these outcomes were significant, and statistical correction for multiple outcomes was not commonly employed. Studies investigating brain mapping following supplementation indicated increased functional activity in brain regions related to processing of attention, executive control, and working memory during cognitive tasks. Conclusions: while there is certainly a need for further studies on the neurocognitive and physical benefits of micronutrient supplementation, this review provides generally supportive evidence for the benefits of a high-dose, B-complex multivitamin/mineral supplement in healthy and at-risk populations in terms of physical, mental, and energy outcomes.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura para valorar los efectos de la administración de suplementos multivitamínicos/minerales del complejo B en dosis altas sobre los resultados físicos, mentales y energéticos en poblaciones adultas sanas y en situaciones especiales de riesgo (estado nutricional subóptimo/síntomas subclínicos al inicio del estudio). Métodos: se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed de ensayos controlados aleatorios relevantes hasta enero de 2020. Resultados: en total se identificaron 136 publicaciones. En los siete estudios aleatorizados, doble ciego y controlados con placebo considerados elegibles para la inclusión, la suplementación en poblaciones sanas mostró predominantemente mejoras en la percepción del estrés, la resistencia física, la concentración y la salud mental general, así como una reducción significativa de la ansiedad y mejoras en la vitalidad según la autoevaluación de los participantes. Sin embargo, no todos estos resultados fueron significativos y la corrección estadística para múltiples resultados no se empleó habitualmente. Los estudios sobre el mapeo cerebral después de la suplementación, indicaron un aumento de la actividad funcional en las regiones del cerebro relacionadas con el procesamiento de la atención, el control ejecutivo y la memoria de trabajo durante tareas cognitivas. Conclusiones: si bien ciertamente existe la necesidad de realizar más estudios sobre los beneficios neurocognitivos y físicos de la suplementación con micronutrientes, esta revisión proporciona evidencia en general sobre los beneficios de un suplemento multivitamínico/mineral del complejo B en dosis altas, en poblaciones sanas y en situaciones de riesgo, en términos de resultados físicos, mentales y energéticos.

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          Appraising the brain's energy budget.

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            B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy—A Review

            The B-vitamins comprise a group of eight water soluble vitamins that perform essential, closely inter-related roles in cellular functioning, acting as co-enzymes in a vast array of catabolic and anabolic enzymatic reactions. Their collective effects are particularly prevalent to numerous aspects of brain function, including energy production, DNA/RNA synthesis/repair, genomic and non-genomic methylation, and the synthesis of numerous neurochemicals and signaling molecules. However, human epidemiological and controlled trial investigations, and the resultant scientific commentary, have focused almost exclusively on the small sub-set of vitamins (B9/B12/B6) that are the most prominent (but not the exclusive) B-vitamins involved in homocysteine metabolism. Scant regard has been paid to the other B vitamins. This review describes the closely inter-related functions of the eight B-vitamins and marshals evidence suggesting that adequate levels of all members of this group of micronutrients are essential for optimal physiological and neurological functioning. Furthermore, evidence from human research clearly shows both that a significant proportion of the populations of developed countries suffer from deficiencies or insufficiencies in one or more of this group of vitamins, and that, in the absence of an optimal diet, administration of the entire B-vitamin group, rather than a small sub-set, at doses greatly in excess of the current governmental recommendations, would be a rational approach for preserving brain health.
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              Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence

              Vitamins and minerals are essential to humans as they play essential roles in a variety of basic metabolic pathways that support fundamental cellular functions. In particular, their involvement in energy-yielding metabolism, DNA synthesis, oxygen transport, and neuronal functions makes them critical for brain and muscular function. These, in turn, translate into effects on cognitive and psychological processes, including mental and physical fatigue. This review is focused on B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B8, B9 and B12), vitamin C, iron, magnesium and zinc, which have recognized roles in these outcomes. It summarizes the biochemical bases and actions of these micronutrients at both the molecular and cellular levels and connects them with cognitive and psychological symptoms, as well as manifestations of fatigue that may occur when status or supplies of these micronutrients are not adequate.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                December 2021
                : 38
                : 6
                : 1277-1286
                Affiliations
                [3] New South Wales orgnameGreystanes Australia
                [2] Melbourne Victoria orgnameUniversity of Melbourne orgdiv1The Melbourne Clinic orgdiv2Department of Psychiatry Australia
                [1] Penrith New South Wales orgnameWestern Sydney University orgdiv1NICM Health Research Institute Australia
                [5] Barcelona orgnameSant Joan Despí orgdiv1Consumer Health orgdiv2Bayer Hispania, S. L Spain
                [4] Basel orgnameBayer Consumer Care AG Switzerland
                Article
                S0212-16112021000700024 S0212-1611(21)03800600024
                10.20960/nh.03631
                573215d8-f4c7-4865-bde9-97ba9ca66dc8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 July 2021
                : 05 April 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Reviews

                Vitaminas B,Energía,Resultados mentales,B vitamins,Energy,Mental outcomes

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