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      Consulta de enfermería y adherencia terapéutica del paciente en hemodiálisis Translated title: Nursing consultation and therapeutic adherence of the hemodialysis patient

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: Al entrevistar a un paciente en la sala de hemodiálisis se producen muchas interferencias en la comunicación ya que simultáneamente atendemos a otros pacientes y se presentan complicaciones que tendremos que resolver de forma inmediata. Mediante la consulta de enfermería se pretende evitar esto, y darle el valor y tiempo que tienen las intervenciones enfermeras que son parte del tratamiento. Debemos asegurar que el paciente recibe instrucciones terapéuticas correctamente escritas, revisarlas y verificarlas con él para poder hacer un ajuste de niveles de comprensión, además de motivarlo y corresponsabilizarlo para lograr la adquisición de conductas implicadas en su autocuidado. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la consulta de enfermería al paciente renal en hemodiálisis sobre el cumplimiento terapéutico. Material y Método: Estudio observacional longitudinal prospectivo de cohorte. Muestra de 42 pacientes en programa de hemodiálisis desde enero a junio 2014. Los pacientes seleccionados para la consulta son aquellos para los que la investigadora del estudio es enfermera referente y colaboradora (Grupo A). Se recogen datos de las diferentes variables revisando las historias clínicas y mediante la entrevista con el paciente y cuidador principal. Resultados: Encontramos diferencias significativas al comparar las variables estudiadas entre el Grupo A y Grupo B (resto pacientes) en cuanto al fósforo y cumplimiento farmacológico, pero no se encontraron en cuanto al potasio aunque la tendencia es a mejorar los niveles. Conclusiones: La consulta de enfermería mejora la adherencia terapéutica en dieta y medicación, relacionándose con un mayor tiempo de dedicación al tratamiento y mayor contacto con el cuidador principal.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: When interviewing a patient in the hemodialysis room, there is a lot of interference in communication since we simultaneously attend to other patients and present complications that we should solve immediately. Nursing consultation is intended to avoid this and give the value and time that nurses have interventions, which are part of the treatment. We must ensure that the patient receives correctly written therapeutic instructions, check and verify them with him in order to adjust comprehension levels, motivate and co-responsibility for achieving the acquisition of behaviors involved in self-care. Objective: To evaluate the effect of the nursing consultation on the therapeutic compliance in the renal patient on hemodialysis. Material and Method: A prospective longitudinal observational cohort study. Sample of 42 patients in hemodialysis program from January to June 2014. Patients selected for the consultation are those that the researcher of the study is referring nurse and collaborator (Group A). Data are collected from the different variables by reviewing the medical records and by interviewing the patient and primary caregiver. Results: Significant differences were found when comparing the variables studied between Group A and Group B (rest patients) in terms of phosphorus and pharmacological compliance, but were not found in terms of potassium although the tendency is to improve levels. Conclusions: The nursing consultation improves the therapeutic adherence in diet and medication, being related to a greater time of dedication to the treatment and greater contact with the main caregiver.

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          Compliance in hemodialysis patients: multidimensional measures in search of a gold standard.

          The gold standard to assess the compliance of hemodialysis (HD) patients has not been established. Compliance parameters should be easily measured and verified, reproducible, clearly interpretable, and accurate. They should have meaning for the patient, clear pathophysiological significance unrelated to other factors, and be related to important outcomes. There is poor correlation of subjective and objective measures and poor correlation of laboratory compliance measures. Different factors have been associated with differential compliance in different patient populations, depending on the measures assessed. Recently, behavioral measures of compliance with dialysis prescription, such as shortening or skipping HD treatments, have been developed. New data confirm that many compliance measures, including both laboratory and behavioral compliance indices, are associated with patient outcomes. It is the duty of the nephrologist and staff to make the importance of compliance understandable to patients. It is important for the health care team to understand patients' expectations and attitudes about their illness and their beliefs about the efficacy and importance of the treatment, as well as patients' demographic, medical, psychological, familial, and socioeconomic status, before realistically evaluating compliance. Such knowledge and approaches may be critical in achieving mutually agreed on compliance goals. We suggest that although assessment of indirect indices is useful, behavioral compliance measures that quantify shortening and skipping behaviors generally should be used in HD patients. Hopefully, analyses of results that control for multiple potentially confounding factors and effective interventions to improve compliance will be developed in the near future.
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            Adherencia a los tratamientos a largo plazo. Pruebas para la acción

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              Interdialytic weight gain, compliance with dialysis regimen, and age are independent predictors of blood pressure in hemodialysis patients.

              Hypertension is a common problem in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical and demographic factors independently associated with blood pressure in this population. Data collected for the Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Study Wave 1 by the US Renal Data System were analyzed. The mean predialysis blood pressure for this cohort of 5,369 patients was 149/79 mm Hg. Sixty-three percent of the patients were hypertensive; 27%, 25%, and 11% had stages 1, 2, and 3 hypertension, respectively. Young age, black race, male sex, diabetes as cause of end-stage renal disease, erythropoietin therapy, and smoking were associated with higher blood pressure in the univariate analysis. Patients skipping or shortening one or more dialysis treatments had higher blood pressure. The presence of congestive heart failure and coronary heart disease was associated with lower blood pressure. On multivariate analysis, high interdialytic weight gain, noncompliance with dialysis regimen, and younger age were independent predictors of higher blood pressure. In summary, hypertension is common and poorly controlled in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Greater interdialytic weight gain and noncompliance with dialysis regimen are independently associated with higher blood pressure, and advancing age is associated with lower blood pressure levels in this population. Therapeutic regimens emphasizing reduction of interdialytic weight gain and improved compliance with the dialysis regimen need to be evaluated for improving the management of hypertension. The effect of age and other comorbid conditions, particularly cardiovascular disease, must be considered while studying the relationship between blood pressure and mortality in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                enefro
                Enfermería Nefrológica
                Enferm Nefrol
                Sociedad Española de Enfermería Nefrológica (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                2254-2884
                2255-3517
                June 2017
                : 20
                : 2
                : 132-138
                Affiliations
                [1] El Ejido Almería orgnameHospital de Poniente orgdiv1Unidad de Hemodiálisis de la APES SPAIN
                Article
                S2254-28842017000200132
                10.4321/s2254-288420170000200006
                57484fc6-26ff-4171-95a3-957aa957dfaa

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 May 2017
                : 13 November 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 7
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                SciELO Spain


                consulta de enfermería,adherencia terapéutica,paciente renal,hemodiálisis,nursing consultation,therapeutic adherence,renal patient,hemodialysis

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