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      Law, Responsibility, and the Brain

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      Author(s): * , , ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: PLoS Biology
      Publisher: Public Library of Science

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          Abstract

          Brain-imaging studies have reinvigorated the neurophilosophical and legal debate of whether we are free agents in control of our own actions or mere prisoners of a biologically determined brain.

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          Most cited references67

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          Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain.

          Tania Singer, Ben Seymour, John V. O'Doherty … (2004)
          Our ability to have an experience of another's pain is characteristic of empathy. Using functional imaging, we assessed brain activity while volunteers experienced a painful stimulus and compared it to that elicited when they observed a signal indicating that their loved one--present in the same room--was receiving a similar pain stimulus. Bilateral anterior insula (AI), rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), brainstem, and cerebellum were activated when subjects received pain and also by a signal that a loved one experienced pain. AI and ACC activation correlated with individual empathy scores. Activity in the posterior insula/secondary somatosensory cortex, the sensorimotor cortex (SI/MI), and the caudal ACC was specific to receiving pain. Thus, a neural response in AI and rostral ACC, activated in common for "self" and "other" conditions, suggests that the neural substrate for empathic experience does not involve the entire "pain matrix." We conclude that only that part of the pain network associated with its affective qualities, but not its sensory qualities, mediates empathy.
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            Emotion, cognition, and behavior.

            R J Dolan (2002)
            Emotion is central to the quality and range of everyday human experience. The neurobiological substrates of human emotion are now attracting increasing interest within the neurosciences motivated, to a considerable extent, by advances in functional neuroimaging techniques. An emerging theme is the question of how emotion interacts with and influences other domains of cognition, in particular attention, memory, and reasoning. The psychological consequences and mechanisms underlying the emotional modulation of cognition provide the focus of this article.
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              The cycle of violence.

              C Widom (1989)
              Despite widespread belief that violence begets violence, methodological problems substantially restrict knowledge of the long-term consequences of childhood victimization. Empirical evidence for this cycle of violence has been examined. Findings from a cohort study show that being abused or neglected as a child increases one's risk for delinquency, adult criminal behavior, and violent criminal behavior. However, the majority of abused and neglected children do not become delinquent, criminal, or violent. Caveats in interpreting these findings and their implications are discussed in this article.
              Article 0 comments Cited 215 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS Biol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): pbio
                Title: PLoS Biology
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                ISSN (Print): 1544-9173
                ISSN (Electronic): 1545-7885
                Publication date (Print): April 2007
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 April 2007
                Volume: 5
                Issue: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: e103
                Author notes
                * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: d.mobbs@ 123456fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk
                Article
                Publisher ID: 06-PLBI-E-0970R4
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050103
                PMC ID: 1852146
                PubMed ID: 17439297
                SO-VID: 575646d0-d849-4320-a966-3d4b9c0ad85e
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2007 Mobbs et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
                History
                Page count
                Pages: 8
                Categories
                Subject: Essay
                Subject: Neurological Disorders
                Subject: Neuroscience
                Subject: Non-Clinical Medicine
                Subject: Radiology and Medical Imaging
                Subject: Homo (Human)
                Custom metadata
                citation Mobbs D, Lau HC, Jones OD, Frith CD (2007) Law, responsibility, and the brain. PLoS Biol 5(4): e103. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050103

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences

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