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      Remoción de Calcio y Magnesio en Agua de Mar para Mejorar la Concentración de Sólidos en la Descarga de Espesadores Translated title: Removal of Calcium and Magnesium from Seawater to Increase the Solid Concentration in Thickener Underflow

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Con el objetivo de aumentar la concentración de sólidos de sedimentos de un relave minero, se utilizó agua de mar con cantidades reducidas de calcio y magnesio. Los experimentos se efectuaron considerando un relave sintético, compuesto por cuarzo y caolinita, y utilizando un floculante aniónico de alta masa molecular. El agua de mar generó un comportamiento eficiente al trabajar a pH < 9. Sin embargo, a mayor alcalinidad la concentración de sólidos del sedimento se redujo sustancialmente. Examinando los principales iones por separado se encontró que el magnesio, y en menor medida el calcio, son los principales responsables de reducir la eficiencia del proceso, producto de la formación de complejos MgOH+/CaOH+ y precipitados de Mg(OH)2. Por este motivo, al utilizar el agua de mar con concentraciones reducidas de calcio y magnesio se logró aumentar considerablemente la concentración de sólidos, ofreciendo una alternativa eficaz para operar a condiciones altamente alcalinas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: Seawater with reduced amounts of calcium and magnesium was used for increasing the concentration of sediment solids from a mine tailing. The assays were carried out considering a synthetic tailing, composed of quartz and kaolinite, and utilising an anionic flocculant of high molar weight. Seawater produced an efficient behaviour when working at pH < 9. However, at higher alkalinity the solid concentration of the sediment was substantially reduced. Isolating the effect of the main seawater ions it was found that magnesium, and to lesser extent calcium, are responsible for reducing the flocculation efficiency, caused by the formation of MgOH+/CaOH+ complexes and Mg(OH)2 precipitates. For this reason, when using seawater with a reduced amount of calcium and magnesium, it was possible to considerably increase the solids content, offering an effective alternative to operate at highly alkaline conditions.

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          Most cited references28

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          The impact of seawater with calcium and magnesium removal for the flotation of copper-molybdenum sulphide ores

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            Kaolinite flocculation structure.

            Effective flocculation and dewatering of mineral processing streams containing colloidal clays has become increasingly urgent. Release of water from slurries in tailings streams and dam beds for recycle water consumption, is usually slow and incomplete. To achieve fast settling and minimization of retained water, individual particles need to be bound, in the initial stages of thickening, into large, high-density aggregates, which may sediment more rapidly with lower intra-aggregate water content. Quantitative cryo-SEM image analysis shows that the structure of aggregates formed before flocculant addition has a determinative effect on these outcomes. Without flocculant addition, 3 stages occur in the mechanism of primary dewatering of kaolinite at pH 8: initially, the dispersed structures already show edge-edge (EE) and edge-face (EF) inter-particle associations but these are open, loose and easily disrupted; in the hindered settling region, aggregates are in adherent, chain-like structures of EE and stairstep face-face (FF) associations; this network structure slowly partially rearranges from EE chains to more compact face-face (FF) contacts densifying the aggregates with increased settling rates. During settling, the sponge-like network structure with EE and FF string-like aggregates, limits dewatering because the steric effects in the resulting partially-gelled aggregate structures are dominant. With flocculant addition, the internal structure and networking of the pre-aggregates is largely preserved but they are rapidly and effectively bound together by the aggregate-bridging action of the flocculant. The effects of initial pH and Ca ion addition on these structures are also analyzed. Statistical analysis from cryo-SEM imaging shows that there is an inverse correlation of intra-aggregate porosity with Darcian inter-aggregate permeability whereas there is a strong positive correlation of Darcian permeability with settling and primary dewatering rate as a function of pH in suspension. Graphs of partial void contributions also suggest that it is not total porosity that dominates permeability in these systems but the abundance of larger intra-aggregate voids.
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              Effect of Seawater on Sulfide Ore Flotation: A Review

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                infotec
                Información tecnológica
                Inf. tecnol.
                Centro de Información Tecnológica (La Serena, , Chile )
                0718-0764
                October 2019
                : 30
                : 5
                : 291-298
                Affiliations
                [2] Iquique Tarapacá orgnameUniversidad Arturo Prat orgdiv1Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura Chile edpicero@ 123456unap.cl
                [3] Antofagasta orgnameUniversidad Católica del Norte orgdiv2Departamento de Ingeniería Química Chile jvalenzuela01@ 123456ucn.cl
                [4] Valparaíso Valparaíso orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso orgdiv1Escuela de Ingeniería Química Chile pedro.robles@ 123456pucv.cl
                [1] Antofagasta Antofagasta orgnameUniversidad de Antofagasta orgdiv1Facultad de Ingeniería orgdiv2Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Procesos de Minerales Chile ricardo.jeldres@ 123456uantof.cl
                Article
                S0718-07642019000500291
                575b5796-9a34-484f-b15f-8b5da55fb26c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 February 2019
                : 12 April 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                Artículos

                seawater,tailings,thickeners,calcium and magnesium,clays,relaves,espesadores,calcio y magnesio,arcillas,agua de mar

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