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      Prótesis mamarias en plano submuscular con bloqueo anestésico intraoperatorio de ramas del plexo braquial a cielo abierto y con cánula Translated title: Mammary implants in submuscular plane through intraoperatory anesthesic blocking of brachial plexus using open access and cannula

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción y objetivo: La mamoplastia de aumento con prótesis es una de las cirugías más realizadas en Cirugía Plástica. El objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar nuestra técnica anestésica para colocación de prótesis mamarias en plano submuscular, bloqueando de forma intraoperatoria ramos del plexo braquial y recoger nuestra experiencia con ella en una serie de casos. Material y método: Bajo sedación y anestesia local, realizamos una incisión en el borde periareolar inferior llegando por divulsión y corte transglandular hasta el plano de la aponeurosis del músculo pectoral mayor; apertura de 5 cm de la aponeurosis y divulsión de las fibras musculares siguiendo su dirección; identificamos el plano entre el músculo pectoral mayor y el pectoral menor; introducimos una cánula de Klein en ese plano hasta el punto anatómico donde están las ramas lateral y medial del plexo braquial (2 cm por debajo de la clavícula y en su tercio lateral); inyección en ese punto del preparado de solución anestésica. Analizamos 172 pacientes operadas entre enero de 2014 y abril del 2018 en las que empleamos el procedimiento anestésico descrito. Resultados: En todas las pacientes el acto anestésico fue exitoso, llegando el procedimiento quirúrgico a término sin necesidad de recurrir a la anestesia general. Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia, la seguridad, facilidad de ejecución y el efecto anestésico conseguido, nos permitieron utilizarla de forma rutinaria en mamoplastias con indicación de inserción de implantes en plano submuscular.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Background and objective: Breast augmentation is one of the most performed surgeries in Plastic Surgery. Our aim is to show an anesthetic technique for placement of breast implants in a submuscular plane, using intraoperative blocking of the brachial plexus branches, and to present our experience in a clinical series. Methods: Technique consists on a lower peri-areolar skin incision under sedation and local anesthesia, reaching by transglandular dissection and cut to the plane of the pectoral muscle aponeurosis; we open a 5 cm incision on the aponeurosis and divide the muscle fibers following their direction; we identify the plane between the pectoralis major and the pectoralis minor and insert a Klein cannula in that plane to the anatomical point where the lateral and medial branches of the brachial plexus are located (2 cm below the clavicle and in its lateral third), where the anesthetic solution preparation is injected. A series of 172 patients undergoing surgery from January 2014 to April 2018 with this anesthetic procedure was analyzed. Results: Anesthetic procedure was successful in all patients, ending surgery without needing general anesthesia. Conclusions: In our experience, the safety and ease execution of the proposed technique, allowed it to be used routinely in all our submuscular augmentation mamoplasties.

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          Ultrasound description of Pecs II (modified Pecs I): a novel approach to breast surgery.

          The Pecs block (pectoral nerves block) is an easy and reliable superficial block inspired by the infraclavicular block approach and the transversus abdominis plane blocks. Once the pectoralis muscles are located under the clavicle the space between the two muscles is dissected to reach the lateral pectoral and the medial pectoral nerves. The main indications are breast expanders and subpectoral prosthesis where the distension of these muscles is extremely painful. A second version of the Pecs block is described, called "modified Pecs block" or Pecs block type II. This novel approach aims to block at least the pectoral nerves, the intercostobrachial, intercostals III-IV-V-VI and the long thoracic nerve. These nerves need to be blocked to provide complete analgesia during breast surgery, and it is an alternative or a rescue block if paravertebral blocks and thoracic epidurals failed. This block has been used in our unit in the past year for the Pecs I indications described, and in addition for, tumorectomies, wide excisions, and axillary clearances. The ultrasound sequence to perform this block is shown, together with simple X-ray dye images and gadolinium MRI images to understand the spread and pathways that can explain the benefit of this novel approach. Copyright © 2012 Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.
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            Ultrasound-guided multilevel paravertebral blocks and total intravenous anesthesia improve the quality of recovery after ambulatory breast tumor resection.

            Regional anesthesia improves postoperative analgesia and enhances quality of recovery (QoR) after ambulatory surgery. This randomized, double-blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial examines the effects of multilevel ultrasound-guided paravertebral blocks (PVBs) and total intravenous anesthesia on QoR after ambulatory breast tumor resection. Sixty-six women were randomized to standardized general anesthesia (control group) or PVBs and propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (PVB group). The PVB group received T1-T5 PVBs with 5 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine per level, whereas the control group received sham subcutaneous injections. Postoperative QoR was designated as the primary outcome. The 29-item ambulatory QoR tool was administered in the preadmission clinic, before discharge, and on postoperative days 2, 4, and 7. Secondary outcomes included block success, pain scores, intra- and postoperative morphine consumption, time to rescue analgesia, incidence of nausea and vomiting, and hospital discharge time. Data from sixty-four patients were analyzed. The PVB group had higher QoR scores than control group upon discharge (146 vs. 131; P < 0.0001) and on postoperative day 2 (145 vs. 135; P = 0.013); improvements beyond postoperative day 2 lacked statistical significance. None of the PVB group patients required conversion to inhalation gas-based general anesthesia or experienced block-related complications. PVB group patients had improved pain scores on postanesthesia care unit admission and discharge, hospital discharge, and postoperative day 2; their intraoperative morphine consumption, incidence of nausea and vomiting, and discharge time were also reduced. Combining multilevel PVBs with total intravenous anesthesia provides reliable anesthesia, improves postoperative analgesia, enhances QoR, and expedites discharge compared with inhalational gas- and opioid-based general anesthesia for ambulatory breast tumor resection.
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              Predictors of Readmission after Outpatient Plastic Surgery

              Hospital readmissions have become a topic of focus for quality care measures and cost-reduction efforts. However, no comparative multi-institutional data on plastic surgery outpatient readmission rates currently exist. The authors endeavored to investigate hospital readmission rates and predictors of readmission following outpatient plastic surgery.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpil
                Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana
                Cir. plást. iberolatinoam.
                Sociedad Española de Cirugía Plástica, Reparadora y Estética (SECPRE) (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0376-7892
                1989-2055
                March 2020
                : 46
                : 1
                : 37-44
                Affiliations
                [1] orgname Bolivia
                Article
                S0376-78922020000100006 S0376-7892(20)04600100006
                10.4321/s0376-78922020000100006
                57632a20-161a-4136-a04b-180b00f8d0a8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 January 2020
                : 30 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 14, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Cirugía Mamaria

                Implantes mamarios,Mamoplastia aumento,Prótesis mamarias,Bloqueo anestésico,Plexo braquial,Augmentation mamoplasty,Breast implants,Breast prosthesis,Block anesthesia,Brachial plexus

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